巴西圆盘拉伸强度测试在岩石力学中的发展综述及新见解  

Discussion and prospects of the development on measurement while drilling technology in oil and gas wells

作　　者：张军[1] 牟晋智 潘哲君 李玉伟 ZHANG Jun;MOU Jinzhi;PAN Zhejun;LI Yuwei(School of Petroleum Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,China;School of Environment,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学石油工程学院,大庆163318 [2]辽宁大学环境学院,沈阳110036

出　　处：《石油科学通报》2024年第2期240-259,共20页Petroleum Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52004065)资助。

摘　　要：准确获取岩石抗拉强度,全面了解岩石拉伸破坏演化机制,是岩石力学理论研究和岩体工程应用的关键问题之一。由于直接拉伸试验存在试样夹持困难、端部应力集中显著、试验成功率低等诸多局限性难题,岩石类材料抗拉强度通常采用间接方法测试。而巴西圆盘试验作为间接方法中最被广泛使用的测试技术,自提出就因其特殊的力学机制而成为了岩石力学领域的研究热点,但同时其结果的准确性和有效性也受到了广泛的质疑与讨论。本文系统调研了巴西圆盘试验相关的室内试验、解析模型和数值模拟研究,总结并分析了该方法的发展趋势、形成的不同试验标准以及每种标准提出的基本依据和适用性。基于国内研究中的试验数据,对比了巴西圆盘和直接拉伸试验在测试结果上的差异,分析了控制巴西圆盘有效起裂的关键因素,明确了外在因素(加载条件、几何形状)和内在因素(力学性质、非均质性)对巴西圆盘断裂机制和试验结果的影响。最后,从初始裂纹萌生和扩展裂纹延伸两个阶段重新讨论了巴西圆盘测试岩石拉伸强度在实际条件下的有效性,并结合近年来几种创新型的岩石拉伸测试新方法,指出了岩石力学领域抗拉强度测试方法的发展方向。Accurately obtaining the tensile strength of rocks and comprehensively understanding the evolution mechanism of rock tensile failure is one of the key issues in the theoretical research of rock mechanics and the application of rock engineering.Due to the limitations of direct tensile testing,such as difficulty in sample clamping,significant stress concentration at the end,and low success rate,indirect methods are usually used to test the tensile strength of rock materials.The Brazilian disk test,as the most widely used testing technique among indirect methods,has become a research hotspot in the field of rock mechanics since its proposal due to its special mechanical mechanism.However,the accuracy and effectiveness of its results have also been widely questioned and discussed.This article systematically investigated indoor experiments,analytical models,and numerical simulation studies related to the Brazilian disc test,summarized and analyzed the development trend of this method,the different experimental standards formed,and the basic basis and applicability proposed by each standard.Based on experimental data from domestic research,the differences in test results between Brazilian disc and direct tensile test were compared,and the key factors controlling effective cracking of Brazilian disc were analyzed.The influence of external factors(loading conditions,geometric shape)and internal factors(mechanical properties,heterogeneity)on the fracture mechanism and test results of Brazilian disc was clarified.Finally,the effectiveness of Brazilian disk testing for rock tensile strength under actual conditions was discussed from the two stages of initial crack initiation and propagation crack extension.Combined with several innovative rock tensile testing methods in recent years,the development direction of tensile strength testing methods in the field of rock mechanics was pointed out.

关 键 词：岩石抗拉强度 巴西圆盘试验 加载条件 非均质性 

分 类 号：TE321[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] O39[理学—工程力学]