地热储能技术研究进展及未来展望  

Research progress and prospect of geothermal energy storage technology

作　　者：芮振华[1,2,3,4] 刘月亮 张政 李根生[1,2] RUI Zhenhua;LIU Yueliang;ZHANG Zheng;LI Gensheng(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;School of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;College of Petroleum,China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay,Karamay 834000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院,北京102249 [3]中国石油大学(北京)碳中和未来技术学院,北京102249 [4]中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区,克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《石油科学通报》2024年第2期260-281,共22页Petroleum Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国石油大学(北京)科研启动基金项目(2462021YJRC012,2462021QNXZ012)资助。

摘　　要：地热储能技术是以地下流体为热载体,利用地下多孔介质空间存储能量,在必要时将其采至地面进行综合利用的一类技术。该技术从20世纪六十年代至今不断发展,针对不同行业的取能及减排需求,形成了基于不同热载体、不同规模、不同储能方式的技术体系,在技术创新过程中,在地热储能理念上实现了从“地球电池”的单一储能形式向“地球充电/热宝”多能互补储/供能系统的转变,充分利用地热储能技术“规模大、应用广、跨季节以及成本低”的特点,具有储热空间大、热利用效率高、安全性好以及绿色低碳等优点,目前全球范围内已经有多个项目试验了工业余热以及可再生能源的地热化存储并取得了良好的效果,展现了较好的技术实用性和广阔的发展空间。对能源的稳定供应和高效利用意义重大。地热储能与热提取的主要机理有热传导、对流换热、热弥散、热虹吸效应以及物理化学作用等,同时通过流体与岩石之间的热—流—固耦合作用实现能量在地下的储存、传递与转换,因此地热储能的效果取决于流体—岩石相互作用以及地热储能的方式等,且储热层内流体类型越多,所涉及到的机理越复杂。本文首先阐述了地热储能技术在国内外的发展历程,归纳总结了地热储能过程中基于流体—岩石相互作用的传热与储能机理,在总结前人工作的基础上对地热储层过程中储热层选址、含水层深度选取以及储能载体选择等关键技术难题及其研究现状进行了分析,同时对全球范围内主要的地热储能项目概况及运营现状进行了梳理和总结。研究认为,储热层的孔隙度、渗透率、厚度、各向异性及非均质性等参数对其储热效率及规模有较大影响,在选址过程中应当综合考虑储热层性质、热载体性质以及与地面热源的匹配程度。在此基础上,本文对地热储能技术的�Geothermal energy storage technology is a kind of technology using injected and subsurface in-situ fluid as heat carrier and underground porous media as storage space to store energy,and exploiting it to the ground for comprehensive utilization when necessary.The technology has been continuously developed since the 1960s to keep balance between energy consumption and emission of different industries,and thus establish a technical system based on different heat carriers,scales and energy storage methods.In the process of technological innovation,the geothermal energy storage concept has realized the transformation from a single energy storage form of"Earth Battery"to a multi-energy complementary storage/energy supply system of"Earth Charge and Geothermal Storage",and made full use of the characteristics of geothermal energy storage technology"large scale,wide application,cross-season and low cost",with the advantages of large heat storage space,high heat utilization efficiency,safety,green and low carbon,etc.At present,there are a number of projects around the world to test the geothermal storage of industrial waste heat and renewable energy,and which has achieved good results.It shows better technical practicability and broad development space.It has great significance to the stable supply and efficient utilization of energy.The main mechanisms of geothermal energy storage and heat extraction include heat conduction,convective heat transfer,heat dispersion,thermosiphon effect and physicochemical interaction,etc.At the same time,energy is stored,transferred and converted underground through the heat-fluid-solid coupling effect between fluid and rock.Therefore,the effect of geothermal energy storage depends on the fluid-rock interaction and the way of geothermal energy storage.And the more fluid types in the reservoir,the more complicated the mechanism involved.This paper first described the developing history of geothermal energy storage technology at home and abroad,summarized the heat transfer and energy storage

关 键 词：地热储能 储热层选址 含水层 热能载体 CO_(2)封存 

分 类 号：TE357[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] TE09