2022年宁夏老年人健康素养水平及其影响因素分析  

Analysis on the health literacy level of the elderly and its influencing factors in Ningxia in 2022

作　　者：王海宏[1] 何源[1] 马少宁[1] 惠娟 WANG Haihong;HE Yuan;MA Shaoning;HUI Juan(Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Yinchuan 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《宁夏医学杂志》2024年第7期610-613,共4页Ningxia Medical Journal

基　　金：宁夏卫生健康系统科研课题(2023-NWKYP-033)。

摘　　要：目的了解宁夏地区老年人群健康素养水平状况及其影响因素,为提升老年人群健康素养水平提供依据。方法于2022年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,从宁夏地区抽取832名60岁及以上居民为调查对象,调查老年人群健康素养水平并进行影响因素分析。结果本次共收集问卷832份,有效问卷为799份,问卷有效率为96.03%。其中,男性374人,占比46.8%;女性425人,占比53.2%。居住地为城市399人,占比49.9%,居住地为农村400人,占比50.1%。平均年龄为(69.59±6.75)岁,以60~69岁人数最多,占比56.4%。老年人健康素养平均得分为(18.11±6.44)分,共有88人具备健康素养,占比11.0%;其中,3个方面健康素养的具备比例由高到低分别为基本理念(30.5%)、基本知识(19.3%)和基本技能(7.1%)。宁夏老年人居住地、文化程度、职业、体育锻炼、健康体检、家庭医生签约、健康自评和个人月收入方面对健康素养水平的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);性别、年龄、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、患慢性病和医疗保险方面对健康素养水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。文化程度、职业、家庭医生签约、个人月收入是宁夏老年人健康素养的影响因素。结论宁夏老年人群健康素养水平较低,有较大提升空间,应有针对性地开展健康教育和健康促进,提升老年人群健康素养水平。Objective To understand the health literacy level of the elderly population in Ningxia and its influencing factors,and to provide evidence for improving the health literacy level of the elderly population.Methods 832 residents aged 60 and above was selected and investigated the health literacy level of the elderly population,and analyzed the influencing factors by using A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method.Results A total of 832 questionnaires were collected,of which 799 were valid,and the effective rate was 96.03%.There were 374 out of 832 were male(46.8%)and 425 out of 832 were female(53.2%).There were 399 people(49.9%)lived in cities and 400 people(50.1%)lived in rural areas.The average age was(69.59±6.75)years old,with the largest number of 60~69 years old(56.4%).The average health literacy score for the elderly was(18.11±6.44),with a total of 88 people possessing health literacy(11.0%);among them,basic concepts(30.5%),basic knowledge(19.3%)and basic skills(7.1%).The differences in health literacy levels among the elderly in Ningxia in terms of place of residence,literacy,occupation,physical exercise,health checkups,family doctor contracting,health self-assessment and personal monthly income were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in gender,age,nationality,marital status,smoking,drinking,chronic disease and medical insurance(P>0.05).The results of multi-factor investigation showed that education level,occupation,family doctor contract and personal monthly income were the influencing factors of health literacy of the elderly in Ningxia.Conclusion The health literacy level of the elderly population in Ningxia is lower and need to be improved.Health education and health promotion should be carried out to improve the health literacy level of the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 健康素养 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]