气体辅助对PLA/TPU/GF复合材料3D打印性能的影响  

Effect of Gas Assistance on 3D Printing Performance of PLA/TPU/GF Composites

作　　者：王梦宇 张艾娟 雷振 彭煌 王宇星 肖建华 张小杰 WANG Mengyu;ZHANG Aijuan;LEI Zhen;PENG Huang;WANG Yuxing;XIAO Jianhua;ZHANG Xiaojie(School of Material Science and Engineering,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,Jiangxi,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院,江西南昌330063 [2]上海工程技术大学化学化工学院,上海201620

出　　处：《上海塑料》2024年第1期1-9,共9页Shanghai Plastics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52063021);博士启动基金(EA202001381)。

摘　　要：熔融沉积成型(FDM)是一种应用比较广泛的快速成型工艺,但生产出的热塑性产品存在力学性能差的问题。将气体辅助挤出与FDM技术相结合,利用高温高压气体对打印件表层进行瞬间加热促进层间黏结,从而提高制件的机械强度。制备了热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)和玻璃纤维(GF)共混改性聚乳酸(PLA)3D打印材料,对比了PLA改性前后流变性能的变化。分别研究了不同气体辅助参数,如气体温度、气体流量及气体压力对FDM制件拉伸性能和冲击性能影响。结果表明:GF和TPU改性的PLA相对于纯PLA非牛顿性更强,流变性能有所提升,有助于3D打印成型。在气体辅助条件下,FDM 3D打印成型的制件强度较无气体辅助时均有所提升,最高可提升116.1%。不同气体参数对FDM制件力学性能影响规律不同,其中气体流量对制件性能影响最大。综合考虑,当气体温度、体积流量及压力分别为250℃、0.8 L/min、0.4 MPa时,制件成型性能最佳。Fused deposition modeling(FDM) is a widely used rapid prototyping process, but the produced thermoplastic prototypes have poor mechanical properties. By combining gas-assisted extrusion with FDM technology, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is used to instantly heat and pressurize the extruded filament and the deposited surface, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the parts. A 3D printing material of polylactic acid(PLA) modified by blending thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) and glass fiber(GF) was prepared, the rheological properties of PLA before and after modification were compared. The influences of different gas auxiliary parameters, such as gas temperature, gas flow and gas pressure on tensile properties and impact strength were studied. The results show that PLA modified with GF and TPU has stronger non-Newtonian properties than pure PLA, and its rheological properties have been improved, which is beneficial for 3D printing. The interlayer strength of the printed parts formed by gas-assisted FDM 3D printing is higher than that without gas assistance, and the interlayer strength can be increased by 116.1%. Different gas parameters have different effects on mechanical properties of FDM printed parts, and the effect of gas flow rate is more remarkable than others. While, the gas temperature, flow rate and pressure are set at 250 ℃, 0.8 L/min and 0.4 MPa respectively, the printed parts have best performance.

关 键 词：熔融沉积成型 聚乳酸 气体辅助 层间黏结强度 3D打印 

分 类 号：TQ320.66[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]