土壤闭蓄态磷的形成、转化与利用途径  

Formation, transformation and utilization of soil occluded phosphorus

作　　者：崔宸阳 李静 杨子 万彪 王小明[1] 严玉鹏 熊娟 谭文峰[1] 冯雄汉[1] CUI Chen-yang;LI Jing;YANG Zi;WAN Biao;WANG Xiao-ming;YAN Yu-peng;XIONG Juan;TAN Wen-feng;FENG Xiong-han(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/国家环境保护土壤健康诊断与绿色修复重点实验室/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第7期1413-1421,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(42030709)。

摘　　要：闭蓄态磷是(氢)氧化铁形成的不溶性胶状薄膜包被的铁磷或铝磷等含磷物质的总称,主要存在于热带及亚热带风化程度较高的酸性富铁土壤中,其数量和形态受土壤类型和土地利用方式影响。闭蓄态磷作为一种植物难以直接利用的磷形态,在土壤磷库中比例较高,影响土壤磷有效性与当季利用率。闭蓄态磷的形成与转化主要受土壤pH、氮磷、水分、有机质(有机酸、生物炭等)、铁、铝、钙、土壤质地、植物以及微生物等影响。人为施肥能够直接导致农田土壤表层的闭蓄态磷含量升高,而随着铁铝氧化物向下迁移土壤深层闭蓄态磷增加更为明显,闭蓄态磷含量与氧化铁含量显著相关。在pH较低条件下,水分以及有机质的增加也可能促进闭蓄态磷的形成。在长期土壤自然发育过程中,闭蓄态磷比例逐渐增加但增长较缓慢。在农田土壤中,闭蓄态磷受高强度集约化种植影响而呈现波动变化且变化速度快,这可能是由于耕地复种指数高、作物较强养分获取能力、土壤团聚体结构的变化或有机无机肥料添加的激发作用。小分子有机酸、植物根系和微生物是活化闭蓄态磷的重要因素,在维持土壤内部磷循环平衡的同时,通过调节土壤水分,有机替代和增强微生物功能等不同农田管理措施,能够实现对闭蓄态磷的活化利用和精准调控。目前闭蓄态磷表征方法主要局限于化学提取,且存在提取不完全和不精确等问题。Chang&Jackson磷分级方法定量闭蓄态磷更符合于目前广泛接受的闭蓄态磷定义。土壤闭蓄态磷的定量方法与形成转化模拟,多元素耦合促进闭蓄态磷形成以及闭蓄态磷活化调控等是潜在的研究方向。The occluded phosphorus(O-P)is the general term of iron phosphorus or aluminum phosphorus coated with insoluble colloidal film formed by iron(hydrogen)oxide.Soil O-P,mainly existed in highly weathered acidic iron-rich soil of tropical and subtropical regions,accounts for a relatively high proportion in soil P reservoir,which affects P availability and seasonal utilization rate by crops.The formation and transformation of O-P are strongly affected by soil physio-chemical properties,fertilization and land use patterns.Fertilization results in the distribution of O-P in the surface soil,and the downward migration of Fe and Al oxides leads to the accumulation of O-P in the deep layer.At low soil pH,high moisture and organic matter promote the formation of O-P.The proportion of O-P in natural soil P reservoir tends to increase with the development of soil gradually,while that in cropland soil fluctuates heavily under intensive cropping,which is characterized by multiple cropping index,high nutrient acquisition ability of crops,the frequent upraising of soil aggregate structure,and the stimulation of chemical fertilizer addition. Low molecular organic acids, plant roots and microorganisms may be important factors to regulate the activation of O-P. Thereout the activation and utilization of O-P can be achieved through improvement of soil moisture, fertility, and tailored fertilization. As the O-P is mainly extracted by chemical solution, resulting incomplete and inaccuracy extraction. The Chang & Jackson method is more reasonable for the quantitative O-P. In the future, quantitative analysis methods of O-P still need to built, and more research are necessary for the assimilation of formation and transformation of soil O-P, the promoting of multi-elements on the formation of O-P and the regulation and activation of O-P.

关 键 词：闭蓄态磷 分布特点 形成转化 活化与利用 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]