关键生长期氮磷肥组合对本土老芒麦种子产量及萌发力的影响  

The Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Combinations on Seed Yield and Germination Ability of Native Elymus Sibiricus L During Critical Growth Period

作　　者：俞慧云 韩天虎 俞联平 孟祥君 陈兴荣 曾德智 王延 张贞明 任越 李智燕 李新媛 YU Huiyun;HAN Tianhu;YU Lianping;MENG Xiangjun;CHEN Xingrong;ZENG Dezhi;WANG Yan;ZHANG Zhenming;REN Yue;LI Zhiyan;LI Xinyuan(Gansu Grassland Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou 730010,China;Gansu Desert Control Resesrch Institiute,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Zhongnongfa Shandan Racecourse,Shandan 734108,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省草原技术推广总站,兰州730010 [2]甘肃省治沙研究所,兰州730070 [3]中农发山丹马场,山丹734108

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2024年第4期22-29,共8页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划-农业类(21YF5NA033);甘肃省林业和草原科技项目(2021kj069)。

摘　　要：为探讨营养生长及生殖生长关键期氮、磷配肥组合对高寒区本土老芒麦种子产量及发芽力的影响,设计Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组不同的氮磷肥追施组合,在分蘖-拔节期和抽穗-开花期,分别追施Urea(尿素)+Urea=75 kg/hm^(2)+75 kg/hm^(2)、Urea+SSP(过磷酸钙)=75 kg/hm^(2)+150 kg/hm^(2)、SSP+SSP=150 kg/hm^(2)+150 kg/hm^(2)、SSP+Urea=150 kg/hm^(2)+75 kg/hm^(2)和DAP(磷酸二铵)+DAP=150 kg/hm^(2)+150 kg/hm^(2),Ⅵ组为对照,不追肥,研究不同施肥组合对老芒麦种子产量及产量组分、种子发芽力的影响。结果表明,分蘖-拔节期和抽穗-开花期采用DAP+DAP(V组)、SSP+Urea(Ⅳ组)和Urea+SSP(Ⅱ组)施肥组合通过增加穗数/株、分蘖数、生殖枝数、小穗数/穗、种子数/穗和小花数/穗等种子产量因子,在一定程度上提高了老芒麦的潜在种子产量、表现种子产量和实测种子产量,也改善了种子发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数。Ⅴ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅱ组实测种子产量分别较对照增产569.21、420.07和363.05 kg/hm^(2),种子发芽势提高了27.13%、29.78%和27.13%,发芽指数提高了28.26%、19.37%和23.51%,活力指数提高了47.85%、44.19%和49.51%。老芒麦种子产量与穗数/株、生殖枝数、分蘖数、小穗数/穗、小花数/穗和种子数/穗均呈极显著正相关,与穗长和种子千粒重呈显著正相关。综上所述,穗数/株、分蘖数和生殖枝数是影响本土老芒麦种子产量的主要因子,分蘖-拔节期和抽穗-开花期适时追施氮磷二元肥或交互施用氮、磷肥,可显著增加种子产量主要组成因子,提高种子产量,并改善种子萌发力。s:To explore the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combinations during the critical stages of nutritional and reproductive growth on the seed yield and germination ability of native Elymus sibiricus L in alpine area,different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer topdressing combinations were designed during the tillering-jointing and headingflowering stages of native Elymus sibiricus L,groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,andⅤwere treated with Urea+Urea=75 kg/hm^(2)+75 kg/hm^(2),Urea+SSP=75 kg/hm^(2)+150 kg/hm^(2),SSP+SSP=150 kg/hm^(2)+150 kg/hm^(2),SSP+Urea=150 kg/hm^(2)+75 kg/hm^(2),DAP+DAP=150 kg/hm^(2)+150 kg/hm^(2),respectively,and groupⅥwithout topdressing.This paper studied their effects on seed yield,yield components,and seed germination ability of native Elymus sibiricus L.The results showed that the application of DAP+DAP(groupⅤ),SSP+Urea(groupⅣ),and Urea+SSP(groupⅡ)fertilization combinations during the tillering-jointing stage and heading-flowering stage increased the potential seed yield,apparent seed yield,and measured seed yield of Elymus sibiricus L by increasing the number of panicles/plant,tillers,reproductive branches,spikelets per spike,seeds/spike,and small flowers/spike,and also improved the seed germination potential,germination index,and vitality index.Compared to the control,the seed yield of groups V,Ⅳ,andⅡincreased by 569.21 kg/hm^(2),420.07 kg/hm^(2),and 363.05 kg/hm^(2),the seed germination potential increased by 27.13%,29.78%and 27.13%,the germination index increased by 28.26%,19.37%and 23.51%,and the vitality index increased by 47.85%,44.19%and 49.51%,respectively.The seed yield of Elymus sibiricus L was significantly positively correlated with the number of spikes/plant,reproductive branches,tillers,spikelets/spike,flowers/spike and seeds/spike,and positively correlated with spike length and seed thousand grain weight.In summary,spikes/plant,tillers and reproductive branches are the main factors affecting the seed yield of native Elymus sibiricus L.Timely topdressing N-P bi

关 键 词：氮磷施肥组合 本土老芒麦 营养生长期 生殖生长期 种子产量 产量组分 种子发芽力 

分 类 号：S543[农业科学—作物学]