中国民族研究的古典格局与现代方案  

The Classical Patterns and Modern Schemes of China's Ethnological Studies

作　　者：张亚辉 ZHANG Yahui

机构地区：[1]厦门大学社会与人类学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《西北民族研究》2024年第3期40-54,共15页Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“川甘青地区传统藏族社会的亲属制度和基层政治结构”(编号:21BMZ003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国近代的民族研究肇始于近代欧洲民族主义扩张和重新解释中国古典文明之需求的双重背景下。从晚清开始,中国学术界一方面对欧洲民族主义的自然主义特征有所保留,另一方面对华夏—部族的古典政治结构难以割舍。中国学术界在尝试用“民族”概念弥合古典文明遗产和现代国家理想的过程中,先后出现过同化论、五族共和论和丛体论等较为突出的理论探索。丛体论的问题意识及其与中国民族实践的密切结合,使中华民族多元一体格局理论能够成为今天中国民族研究真正有延展性的本土化理论系统。中华民族多元一体是由丛体、古典文明的时空—法权结构和现代平等主义民族体系三个层面复合而成的。铸牢中华民族共同体意识,要关注这个三重复合结构与56个民族的关联与平衡。Modern Chinese ethnic studies began in the context of the expansion of modern European nationalism and the need to reinterpret classical Chinese civilization.From the late Qing Dynasty onwards,the Chinese academic community has been cautious about the naturalistic characteristics of European nationalism,while also being reluctant to abandon the classical political structure of the Huaxia-tribal system.In the process of attempting to use the concept of“minzu”to bridge the gap between classical civilization heritage and the ideals of a modern state,several prominent theoretical explorations emerged,including assimilation theory,the theory of the Five Ethnic Groups Under One Union,and the Chinese National Complex theory.The problem awareness of the Chinese National Complex theory and its close affinity with Chinese ethnic practice enable it to become a truly extensible indigenous theoretical system for contemporary Chinese ethnological studies.The Chinese nation is composed of three levels:Chinese national complex,the spatiotemporal-legal structure of classical civilization,and the modern egalitarian national system.To forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation,attention must be paid to the relationship and balance between this threefold composite structure and the 56 ethnic groups.

关 键 词：中华民族多元一体格局 丛体 时空制度 铸牢中华民族共同体意识 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]