赫哲族研究与东夷古史探微--试论凌纯声早期民族学思想  

A Study of Hezhe People and Chinese Dong-Yi Ancient History:An Exploration of Ling Chunsheng's Early Ethnological Thought

作　　者：黄子逸 王宏宇 HUANG Ziyi;WANG Hongyu

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族研究中心(少数民族事业发展协同创新中心),北京100081 [2]中国政法大学社会学院,北京100091

出　　处：《西北民族研究》2024年第3期68-79,共12页Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中华民族共同体建设专项大数据采集与研究”(编号:22JJD850014);中央民族大学自主科研项目“城市世居民族交往交流交融研究:以北京西北郊多民族村的变迁为例”(编号:2023QNTS80)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：赫哲族发源于中华文明早期起源中的东夷支系,在历史发展过程中受汉、满等多民族的文化之共同影响。以史禄国为代表的西方学者倾向于以自然要素界定民族,将赫哲族划为中国外部的群体;而凌纯声则主要强调赫哲族的东夷源流,从民族学角度看待东夷与有夏,避免在满-通古斯语族民族复杂的发展过程中辨析研究单位。通过对赫哲族的实地调查,凌纯声开拓了中国边疆民族文化研究领域,所获材料不仅对论证“夷夏东西说”的关键细节起到助推作用,而且成为理解中国古史中东夷的重要参照。Hezhe people belongs to the Dong-Yi branch of the early origin of Chinese civilization,and has been influenced by multiple cultures such as the Han,Manchu in its historical development.Western scholars,such as S.M.Shirokogorov,tend to define ethnic groups based on natural elements and distinguish Hezhe people as an external group out of the Chinese nation.Ling Chunsheng,on the other hand,mainly emphasizes the source of the Chinese civilization of Hezhe people,viewing Dong-Yi and Xia from the perspective of ethnology,avoiding distinguishing the research units of Hezhe people from the complex Tungusian ethnos process.Through the fieldwork of Hezhe people,Ling Chunsheng opened up the realm of research on ethnic culture in Chinese border areas.The materials obtained not only presented the culture and social form of Hezhe people,but also became an important reference for understanding the Dong-Yi,playing a supportive role in the argument of the key details of the“Yi-Xia Dong-Xi Theory”,and presenting important characteristics of the social form of Hezhe people warriors.

关 键 词：凌纯声 赫哲族 东夷 “夷夏东西说” 民族学中国化 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]