论明代嘉靖间两淮盐商分工体制的确立  

On the Establishment of System for Division Between Liang-Huai Salt Merchants During Jiajing Period of Ming Dynasty

作　　者：罗冬阳[1] Luo Dong Yang

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学明清史研究所,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《学术研究》2024年第7期138-148,194,共12页Academic Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“明代盐法演变中国家与商业资本关系研究”(20BZS054)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明代两淮盐商中边商、内商、水商分化的原因,迄今不仅学界仍然存在争论,而且它们作为开中过程中互相依存的不同分工环节的制度化过程也模糊不清。通过重新梳理相关史料,挖掘历史当事人的行为逻辑,可知由于盐引超发和资本权力构成的不同,盐商分化早已存在。至弘治正德间,余盐大规模开中,加速了盐商分化,并使内商积累起巨额资本。嘉靖初“假额课以处余盐”使得边中成为余盐开中前提,但因余盐征课规模扩大和随后的工本盐、工本银、鄢懋卿刮银不断提高开中门槛,让内商守支地位愈加强化,边商退守开中,终于在隆庆初年,在法制上确立起内商守支的垄断地位和三商作为开中过程中互相依存环节的分工。The are academic debates about the reasons of differentiation for the frontier traders the residential merchants and the inland dealers between Liang-Huai salt merchants,and inexplicitness on the institutionalization process of Interdependent links in division between the merchants.Sorting out the relevant historical documents again,and exploreing the behavioral logic of historical person,it is clear that there were the differentiation caused by overissue of salt license and the deference on the power composition of capital in salt merchants during the early period of Ming Dynasty.Up to Hong Zhi and Zheng De,the differentiation was expedited by over salt production deals on a large scale and the residential merchants accumulated a huge amount of capital.The over salt production deals was based on the quota of excise tax according the rule of the early of Jiajing,the frontier barter became the precondition for buying over productions,but due to enlarging of tax of over productions and therewith Gong-ben Yan Gong-ben Yin and Yan Mao-Qing’s extorting of silver,the market access for salt merchants had been raided continually,so the residential merchants had gotten a defensible niche in the over production trade,and the frontier traders retreated to the frontier trade.Up to the early of Long Qing,the residential merchants’monopoly position in the over production trade and the division between the three merchants were recognized by the law.

关 键 词：明代嘉靖 两淮 盐商分工 资本的权力构成 余盐开中 

分 类 号：K248.2[历史地理—历史学]