西北某地区日光温室作业人员农药使用特征分析  

Characteristics of pesticide use in solar greenhouse workers in a certain area of Northwest China

作　　者：阎腾龙 陈永兰 杨思雯 寇振霞[4] 何玉红[4] 刘武 朱晓俊 YAN Tenglong;CHEN Yonglan;YANG Siwen;KOU Zhenxia;HE Yuhong;LIU Wu;ZHU Xiaojun(Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Beijing 100093,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市职业病防治研究院,北京100093 [2]靖远县疾病预防控制中心 [3]国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心 [4]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2024年第3期237-240,F0003,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(7234402);白银市科技计划项目(2022-2-46Y);北京市科研院改革发展项目(BJAST-RD-BMILP202103&08)。

摘　　要：目的探讨日光温室作业生产方式农药使用特点、不同作物使用农药偏好,以及影响农药使用种类和数量的因素,为开展日光温室作业人员职业健康监护和保障作物质量安全提供线索和依据。方法分别选择西北某地区日光温室和非日光温室作业人员723、278人作为研究对象。采用问卷形式调查研究对象一般人口学及阿维菌素、多菌灵、百菌清等10种农药使用信息,分析不同生产方式和作物类型的农药使用种类差异及影响因素。结果温室组和非温室组10种农药使用人群构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),温室组杀虫剂和杀菌剂使用率高于非温室组,除草剂使用率低于非温室组。种植辣椒、西红柿、黄瓜、茄子者杀虫剂和杀菌剂使用率较高,种植谷物者除草剂使用率较高。拥有1、2和≥3个温室者使用农药的种类分别为(6.31±2.41)、(6.97±2.04)和(7.44±2.02)种,任意两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且3组间使用农药种类数线性趋势显著(P<0.05)。男性、文化程度低、温室作业年限长、温室≥3个、种植辣椒和茄子等因素与温室组人员使用农药种类增加有关(P<0.05)。结论日光温室作业使用农药种类多于传统农业生产方式,应加强对日光温室生产行业农药使用监管及从业人员职业健康监护,特别应加强对机体神经、呼吸系统危害的健康监护力度。Objective As a novel facility for agricultural production,solar greenhouses differ from traditional farming methods in terms of crop types and the indoor environment.The characteristics of pesticide use in solar greenhouses are not yet clear,hindering the guidance for occupational health monitoring within this population.Investigate the characteristics of pesticide consumption in greenhouse production methods and preferences for pesticide consumption in different crops,as well as the influencing factors that affect the number of pesticides consumption,to establish clues and foundations for occupational health monitoring of personnel engaged in solar greenhouse operations and to ensure the safety of crop quality.Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted to select 723 and 278 workers in greenhouses and non-greenhouses in a certain area of Northwest China.The questionnaire survey method was used to investigate the general demography and the types of pesticides used by the workers,and to analyze the differences and impactors due to different production methods'crop type and types pesticides used.Results There was a statistically significant difference in the composition of the avermectin,carbendazim,chlorothalonil et al.10 pesticide users between the greenhouse group and the non-greenhouse group(P<0.05),and the volunteers using rate of pesticides and fungicides was higher than that of the non-greenhouse group,and the herbicide use rate was lower than that of the non-greenhouse group.Planters of peppers,tomatoes,cucumbers,and eggplants use more pesticides and fungicides,and those who grow cereals use higher rates of herbicides.Those with 1 greenhouse,2 greenhouses and≥3 greenhouses used pesticides of(6.31±2.41),(6.97±2.04)and(7.44±2.02)respectively,and the difference between any two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the number of pesticides used between the groups showed a significant linear trend(P<0.05).Male,low educated,increasing working years in greenhouses,number of greenhouses≥3,planti

关 键 词：日光温室作业 农药种类 暴露 

分 类 号：R139.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]