一种便于气管插管退管的喉罩及其监测装置的设计与应用  

Design and application of alaryngeal mask and monitoring device facilitating withdrawal of endotracheal tube

作　　者：丁琼蕾 雷小保[1] 邓加雄 王香 李涛[1] 李桂成[1] Ding Qionglei;Lei Xiaobao;Deng Jiaxiong;Wang Xiang;Li Tiao;Li Guicheng(Department of Critical Care Medicine,the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou,Chenzhou 423000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]郴州市第一人民医院重症医学科,湖南郴州423000

出　　处：《中华危重病急救医学》2024年第6期649-651,共3页Chinese Critical Care Medicine

基　　金：国家实用新型发明专利(ZL 202022795887.1);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ4154)。

摘　　要：经皮扩张气管切开术(PDT)是一种快速建立人工气道的手术方式,因其操作简单、创伤小,且可在患者床旁执行,一直备受临床医生青睐。然而,对于重症监护病房(ICU)已经气管插管的患者来说,未外退的气管导管尖端和气囊不仅会阻碍PDT的穿刺,而且还会阻碍导丝及气切套管的置入,影响手术进程,相反盲目地外退气管导管又可能将气管导管尖端退至声门外,出现紧急气道情况,危及患者生命安全。为此,郴州市第一人民医院重症医学科医务人员设计了一种便于气管插管退管的喉罩及其监测装置,获得了国家实用新型发明专利(专利号:ZL 202022795887.1)。该装置由喉罩和监测装置组成,喉罩主要包括喉罩本体、通气管、导引管等部件。喉罩本体主要用于密闭咽喉部,与通气管一同为患者提供供气通道;导引管的主要功能是容纳气管导管,为已插气管导管的外退提供便利。该装置不仅能实时监控气管导管尖端的外退,而且还能在气管导管尖端退至声门外的紧急状况下,无需重新进行气管插管就可即刻保证患者气道安全,实施通气,具有实时监控、操作简单、安全便捷等优点,值得转化和推广。Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy(PDT)is a surgical method for quickly establishing an artificial airway,which has been favored by clinicians because of its simple operation,small trauma and bedside operation.However,for patients with tracheal intubation in intensive care unit(ICU),the tip and balloon of the existing endotracheal tube will not only hinder percutaneous puncture,but also hinder insertion of guidewire and tracheotomy tube,and consequently affect the process of PDT.On the contrary,blind withdrawal of the existing endotracheal tube may cause the tracheal tube tipleave the glottis,leading to an emergency airway situation that endangers the patient's life.Therefore,the medical staff from intensive care medicine department of the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou designed a laryngeal mask and its monitoring device,which is convenient for withdrawal of endotracheal tube,and obtained the national utility model patent of China(patent number:ZL 202022795887.1).The device is composed of a laryngeal mask and a monitoring device.The laryngeal mask mainly includes a laryngeal mask body,a vent tube,a guidance tube and other components.The laryngeal mask body is mainly used to seal the throat and provide the air supply channel for the patient together with the ventilation tube.The main function of the guidance tube is to accommodate the tracheal tube and facilitate the withdrawal of the inserted tracheal tube.During percutaneous dilatation tracheotomy,this device can monitor the withdrawal of tracheal catheter in real time,and immediately ensure the airway patency of patients without re-intubation when the cuff of tracheal catheter exits the glottis.The utility model has the advantages of real-time monitoring,simple operation,safety and convenience,and is worthy of transformation and promotion.

关 键 词：喉罩 气管导管 经皮扩张气管切开术 专利 

分 类 号：R45[医药卫生—治疗学]