土壤相对含水量对蜜环菌生长特性及乌天麻种苗生产的影响  

Effects of soil relative water content on growth characteristics of Armillaria spp.and seedling production of Gastrodia elata f.glauca

作　　者：王丽[1] 张金渝[1] 袁媛[2] 刘天睿 WANG Li;ZHANG Jin-yu;YUAN Yuan;LIU Tian-rui(Institute of Medicinal Plants,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650000,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Nanchang 330115,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology,Zhaotong University,Zhaotong 657000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,云南昆明650000 [2]中国中医科学院,中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700 [3]中国中医科学院中医药健康产业研究所,江西南昌330115 [4]昭通学院云南省天麻与真菌共生生物学重点实验室,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2024年第12期3178-3184,共7页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960391);中国中医科学院科技创新工程重大攻关项目(CI2021B014);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZXT202217,ZZ16-ND-12);云南省天麻与真菌共生生物学重点实验室开放课题(TMKF2023B01);云南省科技人才与平台计划项目(202205AD160025)。

摘　　要：天麻种苗的存活率、产量、单重与土壤相对含水量(RWC)及天麻共生蜜环菌的生长特性密不可分,研究土壤RWC对蜜环菌菌株生长特性及乌天麻种苗的影响,可为乌天麻良种繁育及乌天麻共生蜜环菌优良菌株筛选提供指导。该研究根据30株蜜环菌菌株在活化培养基上的生长特性将其分为4类,再从每类蜜环菌菌株中筛选2株生长特性指标优的菌株与乌天麻米麻及阔叶树修剪枝进行箱式控水熟料栽培试验。结果发现具有根状菌索单轴分枝的蜜环菌菌株是与乌天麻共生的优良菌株,如第Ⅲ类、第Ⅳ类蜜环菌;土壤RWC对不同类型蜜环菌的生长特性指标,乌天麻种苗的存活率、产量、单重有显著影响;土壤RWC为75%时,蜜环菌菌株生长速度、直径、分支数、生物量及乌天麻种苗存活率、产量、单重均最优,通过人为控制土壤的RWC,在大棚内将乌天麻米麻与优良蜜环菌菌株及阔叶树修剪枝伴栽可以获得优良的乌天麻种苗,为乌天麻的高效生产、米麻利用提供参考。The seedling survival rate,yield,and individual weight of Gastrodia elata is closely related to the soil relative water content(RWC)and the growth characteristics of the associated fungi Armillaria spp.This study explored the effects of the soil RWC on the growth characteristics of Armillaria spp.and the seedling production of G.elata f.glauca,aiming to provide guidance for breeding G.elata f.glauca and selecting elite strains of Armillaria.According to the growth characteristics on the medium for activation,thirty strains of Armillaria were classified into 4 clusters.Two strains with good growth indicators were selected from each cluster and cultivated with immature tuber(Mima)and the branches of the broad-leaved trees in a water-controlled box.The results showed that the Armillaria clusters with uniaxial branches of rhizoid cords,such as clustersⅢandⅣ,were excellent clusters in symbiosis with G.elata f.glauca.The soil RWC had significant effects on the growth characteristics of Armillaria strains and the seedling survival rate,yield,and individual weight of G.elata f.glauca.The growth characteristics of Armillaria strains and the seedling survival rate,yield,and individual weight of G.elata f.glauca in the case of the soil RWC being 75%were significantly better than those in the case of other soil RWC.Cultivating Mima with elite strains of Armillaria,together with branches of broad-leaved trees,in the greenhouses with the artificial control of the soil RWC,can achieve efficient seedling production and Mima utilization of G.elata f.glauca.

关 键 词：土壤相对含水量(RWC) 乌天麻种苗 蜜环菌菌株 生长特性指标 产量 单重 岭回归 

分 类 号：S567.3[农业科学—中草药栽培] S567.239[农业科学—作物学]