近30 a东昆仑阿牙克库木湖水量变化及其补给关系研究  

Changes in water volume of Ayakkum Lake in the eastern Kunlun Mountainsand its replenishment relationship in the last 30 years

作　　者：车彦军 张明军[2] 陈亚宁[3] 朱成刚[3] 刘玉婷 CHE Yanjun;ZHANG Mingjun;CHEN Yaning;ZHU Chenggang;LIU Yuting(Department of Geographical Science,Yichun University,Yichun 336000,Jiangxi,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;College of Life and Geographical Sciences,Kashi University,Kashi 844000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]宜春学院地理科学系,江西宜春336000 [2]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [4]喀什大学生命与地理科学学院,新疆喀什844000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2024年第7期1116-1126,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0100);江西省自然科学基金项目(20232BAB203060);国家自然科学基金项目(42101135)资助。

摘　　要：随着青藏高原气候变暖,高原湖泊数量和面积均表现出显著增加趋势,东昆仑-库木库里盆地湖泊扩张亦十分明显。阿牙克库木湖是库木库里盆地最大盐湖,新疆第三次综合科学考察表明,该湖泊已扩张为新疆最大湖泊。基于科考资料,结合遥感卫星资料,对阿牙克库木湖扩张及其流域冰川、冻土、气温和降水等要素进行分析,探讨湖泊水量及其补给水源的关系。结果表明:(1)1990―2023年,阿牙克库木湖面积从623.03 km^(2)扩张至1141.67 km^(2),2002―2023年湖面水位上升了7.28 m,对应水储量增加了66.64×10^(8)m^(3)。(2)1990―2023年,阿牙克库木湖流域冰川面积减少了16.4 km^(2),体积减少了1.96 km^(3)。截止2023年,流域分布冰川451条,总面积为324.26 km^(2)。(3)2010年青藏高原冻土分布图显示,流域分布多年冻土12395 km^(2),季节冻土10652 km^(2)。(4)水量平衡分析表明,冰川和冻土融水径流分别占阿牙克库木湖总入湖水量的9%和5%,季节冻土和多年冻土区降水径流占比为67%,湖面降水量直接补给占比为19%。总体而言,湖泊的扩张主要是流域降水量增加所致。研究揭示了库木库里盆地地表水文过程,可为当地政府优化水资源配置和管理提供参考。With the warming of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the trend of increase in the number and size of plateau lakes is on the rise,with a noticeable expansion of lakes over the Kumkuli Basin in the eastern Kunlun Mountains.Ayakkum Lake is the largest saltwater lake in the Kumkuli Basin,and the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition data indicates that the lake has expanded to become the largest lake in Xinjiang.Based on the expedition data and remote sensing imagery,this study analyzes and subsequently discusses the change in the water volume of Ayakkum Lake and replenishment of its water sources,including glacier,permafrost,temperature,and precipitation.The results show that:(1)The area of Ayakkum Lake expanded from 623.03 km^(2)in 1990 to 1141.67 km^(2)in 2023,and the lake level rose by 7.28 m from 2002 to 2023,corresponding to an increase in water storage of 66.64×10^(8) m^(3).(2)The glacier area in the Ayakkum Lake Basin decreased by 16.4 km^(2)from 1990 to 2023,with a volume reduction of 1.96 km^(2).Until 2023,there were 451 glaciers with a total area of 324.26 km^(2)in the region.(3)A distribution map of permafrost over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 2010 shows that the continuous permafrost area was 12395 km^(2)and seasonal permafrost area was 10652 km^(2).(4)A water balance analysis of the area indicates that glacier and permafrost meltwater account for 9%and 5%of the total inflow into Ayakkum Lake,respectively,whereas runoff from land surface precipitation in seasonal frost and permafrost regions accounts for 67%of the total inflow into Ayakkum Lake.Additionally,replenishment to the lake water surface via direct precipitation accounts for 19%of the total inflow into Ayakkum Lake.In other words,the expansion of the lake mainly resulted from an increase in precipitation over the Ayakkum Lake Basin.This study reveals the land surface hydrological processes in the Kumkuli Basin and provides reference for local governments to optimize water resource allocation and management.

关 键 词：水量平衡 阿牙克库木湖 库木库里盆地 冰川 东昆仑 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]