喜马拉雅山入湖冰川物质变化研究综述  

Research review of mass changes for lake-terminating glaciers in the Himalayas

作　　者：贾尚坤 魏俊锋[1] 张法刚 王欣[1,2] JIA Shangkun;WEI Junfeng;ZHANG Fagang;WANG Xin(School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,Hunan,China;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学地球科学与空间信息工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2024年第7期1156-1164,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30237);国家自然科学基金项目(42171137);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21C0346)。

摘　　要：入湖冰川在喜马拉雅山地区广泛分布,其快速消融和末端崩解,是该地区冰湖溃决洪水最重要的触发因子和影响因素。近年来入湖冰川整体处于物质持续且加速亏损状态,1975—2000年入湖冰川物质平衡为-0.33±0.07 m w.e.·a^(-1),近10 a达到-0.56±0.08 m w.e.·a^(-1),其平均物质损失速率-0.45±0.08 m w.e.·a^(-1)。入湖冰川物质损失速率明显高于其他类型冰川,末端消融及崩解是其主要原因。当前冰川末端水下物质损失仍无法准确估算,广泛应用于入海冰川末端消融模拟的羽流模型,为估算入湖冰川末端湖-冰物/热交换过程研究提供了可行方法,其中冰下融水径流量、冰川末端切面形态、湖水温度和密度是影响羽流模型估算结果的重要参数。基于羽流模型评估冰川末端水下消融特征,为准确评估未来情境下冰川物质变化奠定基础。Lake-terminating glaciers are widely distributed in the Himalayas,and their rapid melting and terminal calving are the most significant triggering and influencing factors of glacial lake outburst floods in the region.In recent years,the lake-terminating glaciers have experienced continuous and accelerating mass loss.From 1975 to 2000,the mass loss of lake-terminating glaciers was−0.33±0.07 m w.e.·a^(-1).In the past 10 years,it has reached−0.56±0.08 m w.e.·a^(-1),and its average mass loss rate was−0.45±0.08 m w.e.·a^(-1).The mass loss rate of lake-terminating glaciers is significantly higher than that of others,and terminal melting and calving are the primary reasons.The subaqueous mass loss of lake-terminating glaciers terminus cannot be accurately estimated.The plume model is widely used to simulate the melting of tidewater glaciers,providing a feasible method for determining the lake-ice mass/heat exchange process at the lake-terminating glaciers terminus.The amount of subglacial meltwater runoff,the cross-section shape of the glacier terminal,and the temperature and density of lake water significantly affect the estimation results of the plume model.Evaluating the underwater melting characteristics of glacier terminals based on the plume model will lay the foundation for accurately estimating future glacier mass changes.

关 键 词：入湖冰川 冰川变化 冰川物质平衡 羽流模型 喜马拉雅山 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]