基于卫星遥感的水库库区植被覆盖变化研究:以三河口水库为例  

Research of vegetation cover variations in reservoir areas based on satellite remote sensing:A case study of Sanhekou Reservoir Area

作　　者：周婕 张珂[1,2,3,4] 杜涛 ZHOU Jie;ZHANG Ke;DU Tao(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,Jiangsu,China;Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development,Nanjing 210024,Jiangsu,China;China Meteorological Administration Hydro-Meteorology Key Laboratory,Nanjing 210024,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Hydrologic-Cycle and Hydrodynamic-System of Ministry of Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,Jiangsu,China;Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Society,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210024 [2]河海大学长江保护与绿色发展研究院,江苏南京210024 [3]中国气象局水文气象重点开放实验室,江苏南京210024 [4]水利部水循环与水动力系统重点实验室,江苏南京210024 [5]中国水利学会,北京100053

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2024年第6期134-147,共14页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3006505);陕西省水利科技计划(2019slkj-B1)。

摘　　要：【目的】水库的修建会对水库库区及其周边植被造成一定扰动,为探究水库不同阶段的建设活动对库区植被覆盖状况的影响,提出一种基于遥感技术的水库库区植被覆盖变化研究方法。【方法】在采用像元二分模型反演植被覆盖度的基础上,运用最大值合成法、差值法、缓冲区分析法和Theil-Sen回归,根据不同建设阶段、离坝址距离和高程对植被覆盖变化进行量化,并应用该方法于陕西三河口水库。【结果】结果表明:2014—2019年水库下游整体植被覆盖度明显下降,高植被覆盖区域所占比例明显减小,主要受水库施工影响;2020—2022年上游整体植被覆盖度波动下降,低覆盖区域比例显著扩大,主要受水库蓄水影响。在库区1 000 m缓冲区范围内,当缓冲距离小于400 m时,水库施工对缓冲区内植被覆盖程度的影响相对较大,超过400 m则相对较小;水库蓄水导致缓冲区内植被覆盖程度和分布均匀程度均降低,且缓冲距离越小影响越大。【结论】水库施工对下游植被覆盖的影响在585~625 m高程范围内较明显;水库蓄水对上游近段植被覆盖的影响在555~625 m高程范围内较明显,对上游中段和远段植被覆盖的影响随着高程的降低逐渐增强。该方法检测到的植被覆盖变化与水库施工及蓄水时间点契合较好,并确定了水库建设对库区植被覆盖的具体影响范围,可为库区生态环境保护提供依据。[Objective]Reservoir constructions will disturb the vegetation in and around reservoir areas.To explore the impact of reservoir construction activities at different stages upon vegetation cover in reservoir areas,we proposed a method to quantify vegetation cover changes based on remote sensing.[Methods]First,fractional vegetation cover was retrieved using the pixel binary model.Then,maximum value composite,differential method,buffer analysis,and Theil-Sen regression were applied to quantify vegetation changes according to different construction stages,distances from the dam site and elevation ranges.We chose the Sanhekou Reservoir Area in Shaanxi Province as a case study.[Results]The result show that downstream vegetation cover as well as the proportion of high vegetation cover decreased significantly from 2014 to 2019,mainly caused by reservoir construction.From 2020 to 2022,upstream vegetation cover declined,and the proportion of low vegetation cover increased significantly,mainly due to reservoir impoundment.In addition,within a 1000-meter buffer zone of the reservoir area,the impact of reservoir construction on the vegetation cover is relatively great when the buffer distance is less than 400 meters,while it is relatively small when the buffer distance exceeds 400 meters.Reservoir impoundment leads to a decrease in both vegetation cover and vegetation uniformity,which is more evident as the buffer distance decreases.[Conclusion]The impact of reservoir construction on downstream vegetation cover is significant in the elevation range of 585 to 625 meters,while the impact of reservoir impoundment on vegetation cover in the near upstream section is significant in the elevation range of 555 to 625 meters.In the middle and far upstream sections,the impact of reservoir impoundment on vegetation cover gradually intensifies as the elevation becomes lower.Vegetation cover variations detected by this method corresponds well to reservoir construction and reservoir impoundment,and the specific impact ranges of reservoir c

关 键 词：植被覆盖度 像元二分模型 NDVI LANDSAT 三河口水库 水资源 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] Q948[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]