马歇尔计划与美国对欧洲的粮食援助  

The Marshall Plan and United States Food Aid to Europe

作　　者：徐振伟[1] Xu Zhenwei

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期72-89,共18页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：南开大学亚洲研究中心项目(AS2412)。

摘　　要：二战结束后,欧洲面临严重的粮食危机。美国首先通过联合国善后救济总署等国际机构为欧洲提供粮食援助,但效果有限。之后,随着马歇尔计划的实施,美国将粮食援助部署于该计划的框架之下。美国认为只有解决饥荒,保障民众的基本生存条件,才能实现社会的稳定,进而发展工业,助力欧洲经济的复苏。同时,粮食援助可以为受援国提供国际收支和预算方面的支持,帮助他们节约稀缺的外汇,从而集中资源用于发展经济。在此基础上,确保受援国社会秩序的稳定和资本主义制度的巩固,进而抵制共产主义的渗透。因此,粮食援助是马歇尔计划的战略重点,在该计划的初期阶段尤为重要。通过粮食援助,美国强化了同受援国的政治经济联系,实现了在欧洲推行遏制战略的目的,并为粮食援助的推广积累了经验。After World War Ⅱ,Europe faced a severe food crisis.The United States(US)initially provided food aid to Europe through international organizations such as the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration,but with limited effectiveness.Subsequently,with the implementation of the Marshall Plan,the US integrated food aid into this framework.The US believed that only by addressing famine and ensuring basic survival conditions for people could social stability be achieved,leading to industrial development and supporting the economic recovery of Europe.Additionally,food aid provided international balance of payments and budgetary support for recipient states,helping them conserve scarce foreign exchanges and concentrate resources on economic development.Furthermore,this ensured the stability of social order and the consolidation of capitalist systems in recipient states,thereby resisting the penetration of communism.Therefore,food aid was a strategic focus of the Marshall Plan,particularly crucial in its early stages.Through food aid,the US strengthened its political and economic ties with recipient countries,achieved its goal of implementing containment strategies in Europe,and accumulated experience for the broader dissemination of food aid initiatives.

关 键 词：粮食援助 马歇尔计划 美国 欧洲 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]