汉日拒绝场景请求言语行为的元话语对比分析  

A Comparative Analysis of Metadiscourse of Request Speech Acts in Chinese and Japanese Refusal Scenarios

作　　者：项往 储天阳 毋育新[3] XIANG Wang;CHU Tianyang;WU Yuxin

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学研究生院,陕西西安710128 [2]大连外国语大学东北亚研究中心/日本语学院,辽宁大连116044 [3]西安外国语大学日本文化经济学院,陕西西安710128

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2024年第2期72-81,147,148,共12页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“面向人机对话系统的日语语用距离调节机制研究”(项目编号:21XYY009);辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目(青年项目)“后疫情时代日本外务大臣答记者问政治话语中的模糊限制语研究”(项目编号:LJKQR2021056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：请求是日常生活中常见的言语行为,但鲜有研究从元语用视角对比分析汉日请求言语行为。本研究基于陈新仁(2020)的元话语新分类,聚焦拒绝场景请求言语行为,通过设定场景,以电话录音方式分别收集汉日录音语料,对比分析汉语母语者和日语母语者在请求和再次请求语步中使用的元话语类型,揭示其背后的元语用意识和语用功能差异。研究表明:汉语母语者常使用信息、语篇、发话人和受话人元话语,主要体现出阐释信息内容、明示发话人交际行为和猜想受话人立场的元语用意识;而日语母语者常使用信息、语篇、受话人和语境元话语,主要体现其对信息进行模糊化和暗示交际意图的元语用意识。在语用功能方面,汉语母语者更重视确保请求内容的有效传递,而日语母语者旨在建立与受话人间的和谐人际关系。Requests are common speech acts in daily life,but few studies have comparatively analyzed Chinese and Japanese request speech acts from a metapragmatic perspective.This research,based on the new classification of metadiscourse by Chen(2020),focuses on request speech acts in refusal scenarios.By setting specific scenarios and collecting telephone recording data of Chinese and Japanese speakers,the study conducts a comparative analysis of the types of metadiscourse used by native Chinese and Japanese speakers in initial and subsequent requests.It aims to uncover the underlying metapragmatic awareness and differences in pragmatic functions.The study reveals that native Chinese speakers frequently use informational,textual,speaker-oriented,and hearer-oriented metadiscourse,primarily reflecting a metapragmatic awareness that emphasizes explaining information content,explicitly indicating the speaker's communicative actions,and speculating about the hearer's stance.In contrast,native Japanese speakers commonly employ informational,textual,hearer-oriented,and context-oriented metadiscourse,mainly reflecting a metapragmatic awareness that emphasizes the vagueness of information and the implication of communicative intentions.Regarding pragmatic functions,native Chinese speakers focus more on ensuring the effective transmission of request content,while native Japanese speakers aim to establish harmonious interpersonal relationships with the hearer.

关 键 词：元话语 元语用意识 请求 再次请求 拒绝场景 

分 类 号：H319[语言文字—英语]