基于水文学法和SWAT模型的北川河流域生态需水量分析  

Ecological water demand analysis based on hydrological methods and SWAT model in the Beichuan River Basin

作　　者：王鹏全 李润杰 WANG Pengquan;LI Runjie(School of Geographical Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁810008 [2]青海民族大学土木与交通工程学院,青海西宁810007 [3]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《水资源保护》2024年第4期118-127,共10页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：青海省基础研究计划项目(2024-ZJ-773);青海民族大学校级规划项目(23GH14)。

摘　　要：为确定北川河流域生态需水量,采用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall检验法、Spearman检验法分析了北川河流域1959—2013年径流变化趋势,并采用Pettitt检验、滑动t检验、滑动F检验和累积距平法综合诊断径流突变点,根据Tennant法和改进的年内同频率展布法确定的生态流量过程外包线计算河道内生态需水量,并基于SWAT模型计算了河道外生态需水量。结果表明:SWAT模型在研究区具有适用性,模型性能符合“好”的标准,SWAT模型模拟的降水量和蒸发量总体呈现增加趋势,产水量呈现减少趋势;北川河流域桥头水文站径流量呈现减少趋势,年平均减少率为0.104 m^(3)/s,径流突变点为1990年;北川河流域河道内生态需水量为2.95亿m^(3),河道外生态需水量为9.95亿~10.85亿m^(3),生态总需水量为12.90亿~13.80亿m^(3)。To determine the ecological water demand of the Beichuan River Basin,the linear trend method,Mann-Kendall test method,and Spearman test method were employed to analyze the trend of runoff change in the Beichuan River Basin during 1959-2013,and the Pettitt test,sliding t-test,sliding F-test,and cumulative departure method were utilized to comprehensively diagnose the runoff breakpoint.The ecological water demand in the river channel was calculated based on the outer envelope of ecological flow processes obtained with the Tennant method and improved equal frequency dynamic calculation method,and the ecological water demand outside the river channel was calculated with the SWAT model.The results demonstrate that the SWAT model is applicable in the study area,and the model performance meets the criterion of“good”.Precipitation and evapotranspiration simulated with the SWAT model show increasing trends,while water yield shows a decreasing trend.The runoff at Qiaotou Hydrological Station in the Beichuan River Basin decreased at 0.104 m^(3)/s per year during the research period,and the runoff breakpoint occurred in 1990.The ecological water demand of the Beichuan River Basin was 295 million m^(3)in the river channel,and ranged from 995 million to 1085 million m^(3)outside the river channel,making the total ecological water demand of 1290 million to 1380 million m^(3).

关 键 词：生态需水量 水文学法 径流检测 SWAT模型 北川河流域 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]