北京地区小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病的病原群体组成  

Population composition pathogens caused Fusarium head blight and Fusarium crown rot in Beijing

作　　者：陶希 危学华 聂晓 张美惠 刘伟[2] 曹世勤 范洁茹[2] 周益林[2] TAO Xi;WEI Xuehua;NIE Xiao;ZHANG Meihui;LIU Wei;CAO Shiqin;FAN Jieru;ZHOU Yilin(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434000,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193 [3]长江大学,荆州434000 [4]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第4期276-282,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1400100)。

摘　　要：随着北京市小麦种植面积的逐步恢复,小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病的发生范围也逐渐扩大。为明确北京地区小麦赤霉病及茎基腐病的病原群体组成,于2023年从北京市6个区14个采样点采集小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病样品,采用组织分离法得到290株小麦赤霉病菌株及163株小麦茎基腐病菌株。采用翻译延伸因子TEF1-α基因进行分子鉴定,明确了北京地区不同区县小麦赤霉病菌和茎基腐病菌的群体组成。北京地区小麦赤霉病的病原主要是禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum和假禾谷镰孢F.pseudograminearum,其中禾谷镰孢占群体总数的92.41%,是整个北京地区的优势致病菌,也是海淀、平谷、顺义、密云和延庆地区的优势致病菌,假禾谷镰孢是怀柔地区的优势致病菌。北京地区小麦茎基腐病的病原主要是假禾谷镰孢(45.40%)和禾谷镰孢(37.42%),还分离出层出镰孢F.proliferatum(1.23%)、中华镰孢F.sinense(7.36%)、锐顶镰孢F.acuminatum(4.29%)、三线镰孢F.tricinctum(3.07%)和木贼镰孢F.equiseti(1.23%)。海淀和密云地区的小麦茎基腐病优势致病菌是假禾谷镰孢,平谷、顺义和延庆地区的优势致病菌是禾谷镰孢。该研究结果为小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病的预测预报和精准防治提供依据。With the increased wheat planting area in Beijing,the incidence area of Fusarium head blight(FHB)and Fusarium crown rot(FCR)has increased.In order to clarify the pathogen population composition of FHB and FCR in Beijing,the samples were collected from six districts in Beijing in 2023,and 290 isolates from diseased ears and 163 isolates from diseased stems were obtained using tissue isolation method and were identified by TEF1-αgene sequences,and the pathogen population composition of FHB and FCR in different districts in Beijing was clarified.The main pathogens causing FHB were F.graminearum and F.pseudograminearum,among which F.graminearum was the dominant population in entire Beijing region,accounted for 92.41%and also was the dominant population in Haidian,Pinggu,Shunyi,Miyun and Yanqing,and F.pseudograminearum was the dominant pathogen in Huairou.The pathogens causing Fusarium crown rot in Beijing region consisted of F.pseudograminearum(45.40%)and F.graminearum(37.42%),and other five species in Fusarium,such as F.proliferatum(1.23%),F.sinense(7.36%),F.acuminatum(4.29%),F.tricinctum(3.07%)and F.equiseti(1.23%).F.pseudograminearum was the dominant pathogen of FCR in Haidian and Miyun,while F.graminearum was the dominant pathogen in Pinggu,Shunyi and Yanqing.The results of this study provide a basis for the prediction and precision control of FHB and FCR.

关 键 词：赤霉病 茎基腐病 病原菌群体组成 禾谷镰孢 假禾谷镰孢 

分 类 号：S435.121.45[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]