微肥与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长以及光合作用和氮代谢的影响  

Effects of Microelements Fertilizer Combined with Absorption Enhancer on Growth,Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism of Rubber Seedlings

作　　者：任常琦 张永发[1,2] 罗雪华 薛欣欣[1,2] 赵春梅 王文斌[1,2] REN Changqi;ZHANG Yongfa;LUO Xuehua;XUE Xinxin;ZHAO Chunmei;WANG Wenbin(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Soil and Fertilizer Research Center,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Danzhou Soil Environment of Rubber Plantation,Hainan Observation and Research Station,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/土壤肥料研究中心,海南海口571101 [2]儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第7期1402-1410,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.421QN337,No.323RC528);国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFD1001200)。

摘　　要：橡胶树是全球重要的热带、亚热带经济林。为揭示微肥与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长的影响,以期为橡胶树微肥施用技术创新奠定基础。本研究以单施微肥(W)、促吸收剂配方1与微肥配施(C1+W)、促吸收剂配方2与微肥配施(C2+W)为处理,探讨微肥单施或与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长、干物质累积、光合作用、根系发育和氮素分配等影响及作用机制。结果显示:微肥能提高橡胶树幼苗根、茎、叶的干物质累积,进而提升其单株鲜重、干重、干鲜比。其中,C_(2)+W处理可使植株鲜重和干重增加4.18倍和5.89倍,远大于C_(1)+W和W处理。同时,微肥对橡胶树幼苗的干物质累积量与根长、根表面积、根体积呈正相关,也与橡胶树幼苗的叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、净光合速率(P_(n))呈正相关。根系发育和光合作用与植株各器官氮积累量、叶片可溶性蛋白(SP)含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性呈正相关。单施微肥对NR活性影响不显著,表明W处理对硝酸还原成亚硝酸的氮同化作用微弱。总而言之,微肥与促吸收剂配施强化了橡胶树幼苗的C同化和N代谢过程的联系,共同促进了橡胶树幼苗的生长发育。考虑到橡胶树叶片宽厚、细胞紧密、角质层厚,后续研究应继续筛选更合适的促吸收剂,并优化其与微肥的搭配。Rubber tree is important in global rubber production.In order to reveal the effects of microelement fertilizer combined with absorption enhancer on the growth of rubber tree seedlings,and lay a foundation for the innovation of microelement fertilizer application technology of rubber tree.In this study,the single application of microelement(W),the combination of absorption enhancer formula 1 and microelement fertilizer(C_(1)+W),and the combination of absorp-tion enhancer formula 1 and microelement fertilizer(C_(2)+W)were treated with ultra-pure water as the control to inves-tigate the effects of compound microelement fertilizer application alone or combined with absorption enhancer on the growth,dry matter accumulation,photosynthesis,root development and nitrogen distribution of rubber tree seedlings and their mechanisms.The results showed that micronutrient fertilizer could increase the dry matter accumulation of roots,stems,and leaves in rubber seedlings,thereby increasing the individual fresh weight,dry weight,and dry to fresh ratio.Among them,C_(2)+W increased the fresh and dry weight of plants by 4.18 and 5.89 times,which is much greater than those of C_(1)+W and W.The accumulation of dry matter in rubber seedlings by microelements fertilizers was positively cor-related with root length,root surface area,and root volume,and with chlorophyll content,transpiration rate,and net pho-tosynthetic rate of rubber seedlings.The root development and photosynthesis were positively correlated with nitrogen accumulation in various organs of crops,soluble protein content,nitrate reductase activity(NR),glutamine synthase activ-ity(GS),and glutamate dehydrogenase activity(GDH)in leaves.Notably,the single application of microelements fertil-izer had no significant effect on NR activity,indicating that W had a weak effect on nitrogen assimilation in the reduc-tion of nitric acid to nitrite.Significantly,the single application of microelements fertilizer(W)had no significant effect on NR activity,indicating that microelements f

关 键 词：橡胶树幼苗 微肥 促吸收剂 根系发育 光合作用 氮代谢 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S145.2[农业科学—林学]