有限公司中夫妻股权单方处分的效力认定及其救济  

Study on the Legal Effect and Relief of Unilateral Disposition of Couple’s Joint Equity in a Limited Liability Company

作　　者：冉克平[1] 陈丹怡 Ran Keping;Chen Danyi

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2024年第4期261-272,288,共13页Social Sciences in Guangdong

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“优化市场化法治化国际化营商环境研究”(项目号21AZD030)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：夫妻股权单方处分问题的核心在于平衡交易安全与婚姻财产安全保护之价值冲突。夫妻股权共有应当限于对股权权属的共有。股权处分权行使主体的认定在公司法或婚姻家庭法下会产生不同的适用结果,为完成两者之间的衔接,需以夫妻共同财产管理权规则作为制度工具,基于对《民法典》第1060条和1062条的解释重构,建立起以共同管理为原则,各方单独管理和推定一方单独管理为例外的管理权规则。显名方单方处分夫妻股权原则上应被推定为显名方单独管理而构成有权处分,但需受到善意相对人要件的限制。相对人明知显名方无权单独处分或与显名方恶意串通的,以及显名方以不合理的低价或无偿处分股权的,处分行为皆属无效。隐名方对于显名方滥用其推定管理权的单方处分行为,可通过婚内或离婚时的共同财产分割以及侵权制度进行救济。The core of solving the problem of unilateral disposal of couple’s joint equity lies in balancing the val-ue conflict between transaction security and marital property security protection.Considering the charac-ters based on shareholders,the joint ownership of couple’s equity should be limited to the joint ownership of the shares.The determination of the subject exercising the right to dispose of equity will have different application results under the Company Law or the Marriage and Family Law,and in order to complete the connection between the two,it is necessary to use the management right of matrimonial community proper-ty as an institutional tool.Based on the interpretation and reconstruction of Articles 1060 and 1062 of the Civil Code,the rule of management right is established based on the principle of joint management,and the separate management of each party and the presumption of separate management of one party are ex-ceptions.In principle,the unilateral disposal of the couple’s equity by the registrant spouse should be pre-sumed to be the sole management of the prominent party and constitute the right to dispose of it,but sub-ject to the restriction of the requirements of the bona fide counterparty.If the counterparty knows that the registrant spouse does not have the right to dispose of the equity alone or maliciously colludes with the reg-istrant spouse,and the registrant spouse disposes of the equity at an unreasonably low price or free of charge,the disposition shall be invalid.The anonymous party can remedy the unilateral disposition of the prominent party that abuses its presumptive management right through the division of joint property within marriage or divorce and the tort system.

关 键 词：夫妻股权 股权共有 单方处分 外观主义 管理权规则 善意相对人 

分 类 号：D923.991[政治法律—民商法学]