近代中国进出口商品检验事业述论(1840-1949)  

Review on the Inspection of Import and Export Commodities in Modern China(1840-1949)

作　　者：章慕荣[1] Zhang Murong

机构地区：[1]南京海关所属金陵海关

出　　处：《海关与经贸研究》2024年第2期18-30,共13页Journal of Customs and Trade

摘　　要：作为应运而生的时代产物,近代中国进出口商品检验经历了从无到有、从纷乱到规整的曲折发展历程。其中,晚清至北洋政府时期,我国既没有进出口商品检验的国家主权,也没有全国统一的商检事业;南京国民政府时期,我国进出口商品检验取得了一系列制度建设成果,初步起到了促进中国对外贸易、维护自身合法权益、促进生产水平提高等作用。但近代中国进出口商品检验受掣于先天不足、后发劣势等因素,一直未能形成稳定的大发展局面,其中的经验教训值得我们反思。As a product of the times,the inspection of import and export commodities in modern China has gone through a tortuous development process from scratch,from chaos to regularity.During the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the Beiyang Government,China did not have national sovereignty over import and export commodity inspection,nor did it have a unified national inspection industry;During the period of the Nanjing National Government,China’s import and export commodity inspection achieved a series of institutional construction results,which initially played a role in promoting China’s foreign trade,safeguarding its own legitimate rights and interests,and promoting the improvement of production level.However,the inspection of imported and exported goods in modern China has been hindered by factors such as inherent deficiencies and latecomer disadvantages,and has not been able to form a stable development situation.

关 键 词：对外贸易 海关史 商品检验 商检体制 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] F752.9[历史地理—中国史]