中国西北城市沙尘天气变化特征——以兰州为例  

Dust weather changes in Northwest Chinese Cities:Lanzhou as a case study

作　　者：吕彦勋 赵洪民 王小军[1] 王彬 马仲武 刘民兰 张龄慧 LYU Yanxun;ZHAO Hongmin;WANG Xiaojun;WANG Bin;MA Zhongwu;LIU Minlan;ZHANG Linghui(Gansu Ecological Resources Monitoring Centre(Gansu Forestry Survey and Planning Institute),Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省生态资源监测中心(甘肃省林业调查规划院),甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2024年第7期1112-1119,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：甘肃省重点风沙危害区沙化状况调查及沙尘暴监测和宣传项目(甘林规函[2023]754号)。

摘　　要：近年来,众多学者对我国西北地区沙尘暴的研究主要集中于大尺度、区域性,对城市沙尘暴研究较少。为了解城市沙尘暴的变化特征,本文以兰州为例,分析城市沙尘天气变化特征。结果表明:(1)兰州2009—2023年浮尘、扬沙、沙尘暴日数在时间序列水平上呈多段波动变化趋势,沙尘天气总日数在时间序列水平上整体呈0.66 d·a^(-1)微弱递减趋势。(2)兰州沙尘天气集中发生在春季,在3月断崖式上升后逐月递减,主要以浮尘为主,其次为扬沙、沙尘暴。(3) 2009—2023年兰州年均沙尘天气发生频次与风速呈正相关,是影响沙尘天气的主要气象因子,与相对湿度呈微弱负相关,与其余气象因素无明显相关关系。(4)浮尘日数存在2~3 a、4~7 a、8~23 a 3种时间周期尺度,呈多段不显著波动趋势,其中,8~23 a对应两个峰值,振幅最强,是浮尘波动的主周期。In recent years,many studies on sand and dust storms in Northwest China have mainly focused on large and regional scales,with less research on urban sand and dust storms.This paper studies the changing characteristics of urban sand and dust weather in Lanzhou City to understand the alteration characteristics of urban sand and dust storms.The results showed that(1)The number of days of floating dust,sand lifting,and dust storms in Lanzhou City from 2009 to 2023 showed multisegment fluctuation;the change at the time series level as a whole and the total number of days of sand and dust weather showed a marginal decrease of 0.66 d·a^(-1).(2)The sand and dust weather in Lanzhou City was concentrated in the spring,declining monthly after the cliff rises in March,mainly dominated by floating dust,followed by sand and dust storms.(3)The annual average frequency of dusty weather in Lanzhou City from 2009 to 2023 correlated positively with wind speed,which is the main meteorological factor affecting dusty weather,weakly negatively correlated with relative humidity,and no obvious correlation with the rest of the meteorological factors.(4)The number of dusty days occurred in 3-time cycle scales of 2~3 a,4~7 a,and 8~23 a,revealing a multisegmented nonsignificant fluctuation,of which 8~23 a corresponded to two peaks with the most substantial amplitude,which is the primary cycle of dusty fluctuation.

关 键 词：沙尘天气 浮尘 扬沙 沙尘暴 变化特征 兰州 

分 类 号：P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]