不同优势度的脱皮榆群落特征差异及生态位分析  

Comparison of Community Characteristics and Niche Analysis of Ulmus lamellosa with Different Dominance Degree

作　　者：杨丽娜[1] 黄敏 邢韶华[1] Yang Lina;Huang Min;Xing Shaohua(College of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2024年第7期56-65,共10页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

摘　　要：目的:脱皮榆(Ulmuslamellosa)是我国特有植物,数量稀少,分布范围狭窄,开展脱皮榆群落特征及其生态位研究,可为脱皮榆野生资源的保护和种群壮大提供理论依据。方法:以北京市分布的脱皮榆群落为研究对象,运用重要值、Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Levins和Shannon生态位宽度指数以及Pianka生态位重叠指数,对不同优势度的脱皮榆群落开展群落特征和生态位的差异分析。结果:在4个不同地点的脱皮榆群落中,上方山Ⅰ样地中的植物科、属、种的数量最多,其余依次是上方山Ⅱ、小龙门和喇叭沟门。群落物种多样性由大到小依次为:上方山Ⅱ、上方山Ⅰ、小龙门和喇叭沟门。在乔木层,无论是以脱皮榆为优势种的群落,还是以其为伴生种的群落中,脱皮榆的生态位宽度指数均最大;在灌木层,以脱皮榆为优势种群落中,脱皮榆的生态位宽度排名靠前,以脱皮榆为伴生种群落中脱皮榆的排名靠后。在以脱皮榆为优势种群落中,生态位重叠较大的物种更多,而与脱皮榆生态位重叠较大的物种在伴生种群落中明显多于优势种群落,且重叠程度较大。结论:以脱皮榆为优势种的群落,其物种组成较少,区系分布范围相对集中。优势种群落的脱皮榆生态位宽度较大,与脱皮榆生态位重叠的物种较少,且重叠程度较小,以脱皮榆为伴生种的群落则反之。Objective:Ulmus lamellosa is an endemic plant in China,with a low population and a narrow distribution range.Studying the community characteristics and ecological niche of U.lamellosa could be used to provide a theoretical basis for the protection of wild resources and the population growth of U.lamellosa.Methods:The community characteristics and niche differences of different dominant communities of U.lamellosa in Beijing were analyzed using important values,Shannon diversity index,Margalef richness index,Levins and Shannon niche width index,and Pianka niche overlap index.Results:The number of plant families,genera and species in the Shangfangshan I sample plot was the largest among the 4 different sites,and then were the Shangfangshan II,Xiaolongmen,and Labagoumen sample plot.For species diversity of the community,it was the largest in Shangfangshan II sample plot,then Shangfangshan I,Xiaolongmen and Labagoumen.In the arbor layer,the niche width index of U.lamellosa was the largest in plant communities where U.lamellosa was the dominant and associated species.In the shrub layer,the niche width of U.lamellosa was higher in the plant community with U.lamellosa as the dominant species and lower in the community with U.lamellosa as the associated species.In the dominant species community,the species pairs with larger niche overlap accounted for a larger proportion,and the species with larger niche overlap with U.lamellosa had more pairs in the associated species community than the dominant species community,and the overlap degree was larger.Conclusion:The dominant species communities of U.lamellosa had fewer species compositions and a relatively concentrated floristic distribution.In this plant community,the width of the U.lamellosa ecotone was larger and the overall degree of ecotone overlap was greater.However,fewer species overlapped with the U.lamellosa ecotone and the degree of overlap was smaller.Conversely,the U.lamellosa associated species community were on the contrary.

关 键 词：脱皮榆 不同优势度群落 群落特征 物种多样性 生态位 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]