语言智能:语言人工智能研究的历史新方位——“语言智能科学”理论与方法论构建(三)  

Language Intelligence as the Historical New Milestone of Artificial Language Intelligence Research:The Theoretical and Methodological Construction of Language Intelligence Science(Ⅳ)

作　　者：姜孟[1] JIANG Meng

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学语言智能学院(通识教育学院)/语言脑科学研究中心,重庆400031

出　　处：《外国语文》2024年第4期60-80,共21页Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：四川外国语大学2021年哲学社会科学重大项目“语言智能新文科体系构建及其范式创新研究”(sisuzd202104)的部分成果。

摘　　要：寓身于人肉身之内的语言智能是语言自然智能,离身于人的肉身靠人造装置实现的语言智能属于语言人工智能。当今,致力于研究前者的典型学科是语言学,致力于研究后者的学科则有机器翻译、计算语言学、自然语言处理等。本文站在10~30年后的学科未来看历史与现今,透过学科指涉名称上的差异解析其背后的思想理路、主线脉络、方法重心、技术逻辑、历时承继与未来趋向,提出新的主张与判断:语言人工智能研究已经走过了思想乌托邦(前机器翻译)、泛机械(机器翻译)、语言学主导的符号主义(计算语言学)、计算机科学主导的连接主义(自然语言处理)四个历史方位,正在迎来第五个崭新的历史方位——“智能科学主导的机制主义”。新近提出的“语言智能”概念是这一历史方位恰当的代名词。Language,as as a special human intelligence,is divided into Natural Language Intlligence and Arificial Language Intelligence.While the former is embodied in the flesh,the latter is realized in the mechanical devices and is thus disembodied from the flesh.Nowadays,while linguistics is dedicated specifically to addressing Natural Language Intelligence,a couple of disciplines are dedicated to addressing Artificial Language Intelligence,including Machine Translation,Computational Linguistics,and Natural Language Processing.The present study,by approaching this field of inquiry from the viewpoint of the discipline's growth in 10-30 years,examined the mainstream thoughts,theoretical timeline,methodological focus,technological logic,historical inheritance and future trends.A new tenet and claim was proposed that research on artificial language intelligence,which has gone through four historical milestones,namely Thought Utopia(Pre-Machine Translation),Pan-Machinerism(Machine Translation),Linguistics-dominated Symbolism(Computational Linguistics),Computer Sciencedominated Connectionism(Natural Language Processing),is now embracing a brand new fifth milestone,namely,Intelligence Science-dominated Mechanism.In this respect,the newly-proposed concept Language Intelligence is the exact designator of this new historical peak.

关 键 词：语言自然智能 语言人工智能 历史方位 机制主义 

分 类 号：H087[语言文字—语言学]