城市商业中心与消费出行空间相互作用的时空大数据验证  

Spatial-temporal Big Data Verification of Spatial Interaction between Urban Commercial Centers and Consumption Travels

作　　者：康宁 钮心毅[1,2] KANG Ning;NIU Xinyi

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]自然资源部国土空间智能规划技术重点实验室

出　　处：《城乡规划》2024年第3期71-81,共11页Urban and Rural Planning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“‘虚拟空间’和‘流空间’双重作用对实体商业中心体系影响及机制研究”(项目编号:52278072)。

摘　　要：文章以上海市四个商业中心为例,使用时空大数据验证商业中心与消费出行的空间相互作用特征,比较商业中心规划中的哈夫模型吸引力变量和距离参数选择。首先,使用时空大数据测算居民至四个商业中心的消费出行数量,使用互联网地图API接口计算消费出行时间,将其视为实测值;其次,使用普通最小二乘法进行距离参数校准;最后,使用四种吸引力变量,分别比较哈夫模型预测值与实测值之间的差异。研究认为,在当前社会经济趋势下,消费出行概率仍是出行时间与商业中心吸引力共同作用的结果,符合幂函数衰减规则。但是四个商业中心消费出行的距离参数各不相同,以商业中心POI混合度作为吸引力变量,得出的势力范围划分最接近实际消费出行选择。当前,商业中心规划使用哈夫模型时,在距离参数选择上不宜将多个商业中心取值为统一值;在吸引力变量构建中,应更重视表征商业业态多样性POI混合度的作用。Taking four commercial centers in Shanghai as examples,this paper uses spatial-temporal big data to verify the spatial interaction characteristics between commercial centers and consumption travels.It compares the choices of attractiveness variables and distance parameters in the planning of commercial centers using the Huff model.Firstly,the numbers of resident's consumption travels to four commercial centers are measured by using spatial-temporal big data and consumption travel time is calculated using the Internet map APl,treating them as the measured values.Secondly,the distance parameter of Huff model is calibrated using the OLS method.Finally,the measured values are compared with the predicted values obtained from Huff model calculated with 4 attractiveness variables separately.It is concluded that probabilities of consumption travel are still the combination results of travel time and commercial center attractiveness in the current era,conforming to the spatial decay of the power function.However,the four commercial centers have different distance parameters.When the POl mixture of commercial center is used as attractiveness variables,the division of the sphere of influence calculated by Huff model is closest to the actual consumption travel choice.Currently,when applying the Huff model in commercial center planning,it is not appropriate to adopt a unified value for multiple commercial centers in the choice of distance parameters.Furthermore,more emphasis should be placed on the role of POl mixture representing the diversity of business formats in the construction of attractiveness variables.

关 键 词：商业中心 空间相互作用 哈夫模型 时空大数据 消费出行 上海 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]