基于建议话语中道义情态助动词研究探讨中德心理咨询师语用身份构建  

Exploring the Pragmatic Identity Construction of Chinese and German Psychotherapists Based on the Study of Deontic Modal Verbs in Advisory Discourse

作　　者：王馨雨 常玲玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学

出　　处：《外国语文研究（辑刊）》2024年第1期28-47,共20页

摘　　要：医生的语用身份构建已被证实对医患沟通效果有显著影响,然而,心理咨询作为“以言治病”的医疗活动,咨询师在其中的语用身份构建尚未得到关注。鉴于建议可能带来的面子威胁,心理咨询师往往会根据情况审慎选用道义情态助动词,用以动态调整和构建恰当的语用身份,以期提高心理咨询的效果。据此,本研究引入语用身份论,探讨中德咨询师在实施建议言语行为时所选用的道义情态助动词对其语用身份构建的作用,相关构建策略以及不同类型语用身份的构建动因。研究发现,中德咨询师在建议话语中运用不同情态强度的道义情态助动词,结合称呼语和语气的选择,动态地构建了不同权势高低的语用身份。中德咨询师均普遍倾向构建低权势提议者和同等权势身份,而中国咨询师相对更多地构建教导者身份。研究认为,中德咨询师不同权势高低的语用身份构建是对于当前语境中咨询沟通目的以及来访者心理语境顺应的结果。中德咨询师依据对于来访者采纳建议必要性的判断进行语用身份的动态调整,其语用身份选择受到所处文化背景影响。The construction of appropriate pragmatic identities by doctors in doctor-patient communication has been shown to significantly influence promoting harmony and alleviating conflicts between doctors and patients.However,in the realm of psychological counseling,as a therapeutic activity centered on verbal communication,the pragmatic identity construction of psychotherapists remains unexplored.Considering the face threat inherent in advice-giving,psychotherapists often choose deontic modal verbs carefully according to different situations,aiming to dynamically adapt and construct appropriate pragmatic identities to improve counseling outcomes.Thereby,the present incorporates the pragmatic identity theory to explore the role of the chosen deontic modal verbs by Chinese and German psychotherapists on their pragmatic identity construction in advice-giving,the related construction strategies and the motivations underlying different types of pragmatic identity construction.The study found that Chinese and German psychotherapists employed deontic modal verbs with different modal values along with different address terms and moods in their suggestions,thereby dynamically constructing pragmatic identities with varying power differentials.Chinese and German psychotherapists generally tended to construct low-power proposer identities and equal-power identities,with Chinese psychotherapists relatively more frequently constructing instructor identities.The study posits that the construction of pragmatic identities with varying power differentials among Chinese and German psychotherapists can be considered primarily as an adaptation to the current communicative goals and the psychological context of the clients.Chinese and German psychotherapists dynamically adjust their pragmatic identities based on assessments of the necessity for clients to adopt advice,and the selection of pragmatic identities is influenced by their cultural backgrounds.

关 键 词：语用身份 心理咨询 建议言语行为 道义情态助动词 中德对比 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语] H33