玉米秸秆高扰低阻深松铲设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of High Disturbance and Low Resistance Subsoiler for Corn Straw

作　　者：赵淑红[1] 刘佳明 高连龙 袁溢文 杨悦乾[1] Zhao Shuhong;Liu Jiaming;Gao Lianlong;Yuan Yiwen;Yang Yueqian(School of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第12期49-57,共9页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000903)。

摘　　要：东北垄作区玉米秸秆还田条件下,针对秸秆较多时易使深松铲和后续机具堵塞、耕作阻力增加等问题,基于深松切割根茬一侧时土壤、根茬状态对秸秆的作用进行深松铲优化,设计了一种可减小深松阻力、提高秸秆扰动的深松铲。根据离散元仿真深松作业中切割根茬一侧时秸秆力矩波动段峰值时刻的秸秆受力方向和秸秆位置,对深松铲刃口曲线进行设计和优化。选取深松铲平均耕作阻力、秸秆水平侧向扰动距离为试验指标,进行二因素五水平中心组合试验,并得到深松铲各参数最优组合,即深松铲入土角23.91°、深松铲刃角32.01°。由仿真验证试验可知:深松铲的平均耕作阻力和理论值相比增大0.65%,秸秆扰动距离和理论值相比减小2.95%,仿真试验值与理论值差异较小,验证了设计思路的可行性。在最优参数下,与圆弧深松铲、折线深松铲进行田间对比试验,结果表明:平均耕作阻力减小7.43%和29.36%,油耗减少16.19%和31.93%,秸秆水平侧向扰动距离分别增大65.42%和减小3%。所设计的深松铲平均耕作阻力和油耗小且对秸秆扰动大,可为深松铲设计与优化提供参考。Under the condition of returning corn straw to the field in the Northeast ridge farming are,aiming at the problems that subsoiler and subsequent machines and tools were easy to be blocked and the tillage resistance was increased when there were more straws,subsoiler was optimized based on the effect of soil and stubble state on the straws when subsoiler cutting one side of the stubble,and subsoiler was designed to reduce subsoiler resistance and improve the disturbance of straws.Through the discrete element simulation of the force direction and position of the straw at the peak moment of the moment fluctuation of the straw,the blade curve of subsoiler was designed and optimized,and the structural parameters of subsoiler were optimized.The average tillage resistance of subsoiler and the horizontal lateral disturbance distance of straw were selected as the test indicators,and the two-factor and five-level center combination test was carried out to obtain the optimal combination of the parameters of subsoiler:subsoiler entry angle was 23.91°,and subsoiler edge angle was 32.01°.It can be seen from the simulation verification test that the average tillage resistance of subsoiler increases by 0.65%compared with the theoretical value,and the straw disturbance distance decreases by 2.95%compared with the theoretical value.The difference between the simulation test value and the theoretical value is small,which verifies the feasibility of the design idea.Under the optimal parameters,field experiments were conducted with circular arc subsoiler and broken line subsoiler.The results showed that the average tillage resistance decreased by 7.43%and 29.36%,the fuel consumption decreased by 16.19%and 31.93%,and the horizontal lateral disturbance distance of straw increased by 65.42%and decreased by 3%,respectively.The results show that the average tillage resistance and oil consumption of the designed subsoiler are small,and the disturbance to straw is large,which can provide a reference for the design and optimization of subs

关 键 词：深松铲 离散元 耕作阻力 秸秆扰动 玉米秸秆 

分 类 号：S222.129[农业科学—农业机械化工程]