大豆垄上三行密植行间除草装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Weeding Device Between Three Rows of Dense Planting on Soybean Ridge

作　　者：赵淑红[1] 赵国鹏 张鑫[1] 侯磊涛 袁溢文 杨悦乾[1] Zhao Shuhong;Zhao Guopeng;Zhang Xin;Hou Leitao;YuanYiwen;Yang Yueqian(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第11期35-44,共10页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000903)。

摘　　要：针对大豆垄上三行密植种植模式下,苗带间距较小,现有除草装置行间除草率低、伤苗率高、中耕除草作业困难等问题,设计了一种大豆垄上三行密植行间除草装置,主要由定位圆盘、弹齿固定连杆和弹齿等组成。根据中耕时期大豆苗和杂草的生长状态,确定了定位圆盘和除草装置的安装距离;通过对弹齿除草过程进行动力学分析,建立弹齿入土部分曲线方程,并对弹齿进行运动学分析;以圆周弹齿组数、弹齿入土角和轴向弹齿个数为试验因素,松土率和弹齿平均工作阻力为指标,利用离散元仿真方法进行Box-Behnken多因素试验,得到圆周弹齿组数为10、弹齿入土角为80°、轴向弹齿个数为5,具有最佳效果。以机具前进速度、除草组件转速和入土深度为试验因素,以除草率和伤苗率为评价指标,对除草装置进行单因素田间性能试验,结果表明:当除草深度35mm、机具前进速度2.5km/h时,平均除草率、伤苗率分别为88.24%、2.77%,机具作业性能稳定,未出现堵塞现象,满足大豆行间除草农艺要求。In response to the problems of low inter-row weeding rate,high seedling injury rate and difficulty in mid-tillage weeding operation of the existing weeding device under the three-row dense planting pattern of soybean on monopoly,a soybean inter-row weeding device for three-row dense planting on ridge was designed,which is mainly composed of positioning disc,popping teeth fixed linkage and popping teeth,etc.According to the growth state of soybean seedlings and weeds during the mid-tillage period,the installation distance of the positioning disc and weeding device was determined;The kinetic analysis of the weeding process of the popping teeth was carried out to establish the curve equation of the entry part of the popping teeth,and the kinematic analysis of the popping teeth was carried out.The Box-Behnken multi-factor test was conducted by using the discrete element simulation method with the number of circumferential tooth groups,the angle of entry of the teeth and the number of axial teeth as the test factors,and the loosening rate and the average working resistance of the teeth as the indexes,and the best results were obtained when the number of circumferential tooth groups was 10,the angle of entry of the teeth was 80°and the number of axial teeth was 5.A single-factor field performance test was conducted on the weeding device using the forward speed of the machine,the rotational speed of the weeding unit and the depth of entry as test factors,and the weeding rate and seedling injury rate as evaluation indexes.The results showed that the average weeding rate and seedling injury rate were 88.24%and 2.77%,respectively when the weeding depth was 35 mm and the forward speed of the machine was 2.5km/h.The operating performance of the machine was stable and no blockage occurred,which met the agronomic requirements of soybean inter-row weeding.

关 键 词：大垄三行 大豆 行间除草装置 

分 类 号：S224.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]