乌鲁木齐地区冬季日光温室小气候对比测试与分析  

Comparative Testing and Analysis of Winter Microclimate in Solar Greenhouses in Urumqi

作　　者：周伟 谢嫦 董远德 高益 唐亚杰 ZHOU Wei;XIE Chang;DONG Yuande;GAO Yi;TANG Yajie(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆智能农业装备重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2024年第4期483-489,共7页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上资助项目(2021D01A85);科技创新团队(天山创新团队)项目(2022TSYCTD0011);新疆智能农业装备重点实验室开放课题资助项目(ND2N202202)。

摘　　要：在乌鲁木齐地区要实现日光温室越冬生产,保证温室作物的产量和品质,需增加能源供应以维持温室内小气候环境达到作物生长适宜的条件。研究该地区冬季日光温室作物越冬栽培中加温对温室内小气候环境因子的影响,为乌鲁木齐生产型日光温室优化调控策略提供参考依据。选取了位于乌鲁木齐地区西山农牧场的两栋结构相同的日光温室作为研究对象,采用对比试验的方法,测试和分析了加温与不加温条件下日光温室内温度、湿度和光照等小气候因子的变化特征。研究结果表明:在室外温度维持在-14.5~3.7℃的范围时,加温可使温室内夜间空气温度提高10℃,白天提高7℃,后墙温度提高8℃。相比之下,不加温的温室在测试期间白天室内温度可保持在4.0~33.1℃范围内,夜间保持在3.9~9.5℃范围内,后墙温度维持在12.3~19.0℃之间。针对该地区冬季的实际情况,当室外每日平均气温保持在-2℃以上且日照较为充足时,可选择不进行加温的越冬种植方式。而当室外平均温度在-12.0~1.9℃范围内时,根据白天的日照条件和作物对温度的要求,可以考虑在夜间进行加温,以提高温室内的温度。乌鲁木齐地区日光温室进行安全越冬生产时需补充大量的热能,导致生产能耗和成本的增加,在了解温室内小气候变化规律的基础上,应采用有效的能耗控制策略,满足作物生长的前提下最大程度地减小能耗,从而降低生产成本。To achieve winter production in greenhouses with natural light in the Urumqi region,ensuring the yield and quality of greenhouse crops,an increase in energy supply is needed to maintain the microclimate inside the greenhouse under suitable conditions for crop growth.This study focused on the impact of heating on the microclimate factors inside the greenhouse for wintering of crops in Urumqi,providing a reference basis for optimizing control strategies for production-oriented solar greenhouses in the region.Two identical greenhouses located at the Xishan Farm in Urumqi,were selected as the research subjects.Using a comparative experimental approach,the study tested and analyzed the changes in microclimate factors such as temperature,humidity,and light intensity inside the solar greenhouse under heated and non-heated conditions.The research findings indicated that when outdoor temperatures were maintained within the range of-14.5 to 3.7℃,heating could increase the nighttime air temperature inside the greenhouse by 10℃,the daytime temperature by 7℃,and the temperature of the back wall by 8℃.In comparison,the non-heated greenhouse during the testing period maintained daytime temperatures within the range of 4.0 to 33.1℃,nighttime temperatures within the range of 3.9 to 9.5℃,and back wall temperatures between 12.3 and 19.0℃.In the actual conditions of the region during winter,when the daily average outdoor temperature remains above-2°C and there is sufficient sunlight,the option of not heating for overwintering cultivation can be chosen.When the outdoor average temperature falls within the range of-12.0 to 1.9℃,depending on the daytime sunlight conditions and the temperature requirements of the crops,it may be considered to heat the greenhouse at night to elevate the temperature inside.To ensure safe overwinter production in the Urumqi region using solar greenhouses,a significant amount of heat energy needs to be supplemented,leading to increased production energy consumption and costs.Based on an und

关 键 词：乌鲁木齐 日光温室 小气候 热风加温 

分 类 号：S625[农业科学—园艺学]