喀斯特石漠化区林草间作对土壤养分及微生物数量的影响  

Effects of forest-grass intercropping on soil nutrient and microbial populations in Karst rocky desertification areas

作　　者：黄沛 张雷一 纪署光 李卫[1,2,3] 姚斌 郑广[5] 李昭 HUANG Pei;ZHANG Leiyi;JI Shuguang;LI Wei;YAO Bin;ZHENG Guang;LI Zhao(Institute of Desertification Studies,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;State Forestry Administration Dunhuang Desert Ecosystem Location Research Station,Dunhuang 736200,Gansu,China;South China Institute of Environment Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510655,Guangdong,China;Saibei Forest Farm of Zhangjiakou City,Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei,China;Development Centre of National Park(Natural Protected Areas),National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091 [3]甘肃敦煌荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,甘肃敦煌736200 [4]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655 [5]张家口市塞北林场,河北张家口075000 [6]国家林业和草原局国家公园(自然保护地)发展中心,北京100714

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第7期1549-1557,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFF0305905);国家自然科学基金项目(32260725);国家林业和草业局“948”项目(2013-4-80)。

摘　　要：林草间作具有水源涵养、提高土壤肥力和增加生物多样性等多重优势,是喀斯特石漠化区生态恢复较为理想的模式之一。为了探讨林草间作对喀斯特石漠化区土壤养分和微生物数量的影响,在贵州省关岭县板贵乡选择花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)+拉巴豆(Dolichos lablab)间作、花椒+雀稗(Paspalum thunbergii)间作及单作花椒3种模式开展研究。结果表明:与花椒单作相比,土壤中有机质、全氮、速效钾、碱解氮含量均有所增加,土壤pH降低,土壤微生物数量增加,其中真菌数量显著增加(P<0.05)。0-10 cm土壤中有效磷含量显著降低(P<0.05),而10-20 cm土壤中有效磷增加。相关性分析表明,0-10 cm土壤中细菌数量与有效磷含量显著负相关(P<0.05),真菌数量与有机质含量极显著正相关(P<0.05),与全氮、有效磷含量显著正相关(P<0.05),与pH显著负相关(P<0.05);10-20 cm土壤中细菌数量与速效钾含量显著正相关(P<0.05),真菌数量与pH显著负相关(P<0.05)。说明在喀斯特石漠化地区花椒和牧草构成的林草间作生态恢复模式在提高土壤养分、增加微生物数量方面有积极作用。Forest-grass intercropping presents numerous advantages in terms of water conservation,soil fertility enhancement,and biodiversity promotion.This method can be used as a model for ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification areas.To investigate the influence of forest-grass intercropping on soil nutrients and microbial populations in such regions,we anlayzed three planting patterns:intercropping of Zanthoxylum bungeanum with Dolichos lablab,intercropping of Z.bungeanum with Paspalum thunbergii,and sole monocropping of Z.bungeanum.This research was conducted at a long-term experimental base in Bangui Township,Guanling County,Guizhou Province.The results demonstrated that compared with Z.bungeanum monocropping,intercropping with D.lablab and P.thunbergii led to increases in organic matter,total nitrogen,fast-acting potassium,and alkaline nitrogen in the soil.Furthermore,the soil pH decreased,and the number of soil microorganisms,particularly fungi,significantly increased.The effective phosphorus content significantly decreased in the 0-10 cm soil layer,whereas it increased in the 10-20 cm soil layer.Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the number of bacteria in the 0-10 cm soil layer and effective phosphorus,whereas the number of fungi and organic matter,total nitrogen,effective phosphorus,and pH were significantly positively correlated.In the 10-20 cm soil layer,the number of bacteria was significantly positively correlated with fast-acting potassium,whereas the number of fungi exhibited a significant negative correlation with pH.These findings suggest that the ecological restoration model of forest-grass intercropping,composed of Z.bungeanum and forage,has positive effects on soil nutrients and microbial populations in Karst rocky desertification areas.

关 键 词：喀斯特 石漠化 林草间作 土壤养分 微生物 植被恢复 退化土壤 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]