内蒙古荒漠草原区不同弃耕地植物物种生态位  

Study of ecological niches of plant species in different abandoned arable land in desert grassland areas of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：王文琼 张峰 郑佳华 李邵宇 何江峰 杨立山 张彬 赵萌莉 WANG Wenqiong;ZHANG Feng;ZHENG Jiahua;LI Shaoyu;HE Jiangfeng;YANG Lishan;ZHANG Bin;ZHAO Mengli(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院生物技术研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第7期1571-1582,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：科技部基础资源调查项目(SQ2019FY010072);国家自然科学基金项目(31861143001);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2020ZD03);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019ZD008);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“草原家畜可持续经营管理体系建立”。

摘　　要：生态位特征能够准确反映植物种群间的相互关系。为研究弃耕年限对植物物种生态位特征的影响,在内蒙古荒漠草原区,分别选取弃耕5年、弃耕15年、弃耕20年3个不同恢复阶段的植物群落样地,并以天然草地作为对照,通过对植物种群Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数进行分析,探讨弃耕地植物群落组成的演替规律。结果表明:弃耕演替阶段重要值较高的物种逐渐由一、二年生植物转为多年生禾草,生态位宽度最大物种也由一年生植物转变为多年生植物,但仍与天然草地生态位宽度最大的物种不同。弃耕20年和天然草地生态位重叠程度整体高于弃耕5年与弃耕15年;弃耕15年生态位重叠主要集中在猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)和栉叶蒿(Neopallasia petinata)之间;天然草地和弃耕20年处理下生态位重叠最大的物种对为短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)和栉叶蒿(Neopallasia petinata)。本研究表明,随着弃耕年限增加,弃耕地植物群落特征逐渐向天然草地方向演替。Ecological niche characteristics can accurately reflect the interrelationships among plant populations.To study the influence of abandonment years on the ecotone characteristics of plant species,three treatments of 5,15,and 20 years of abandonment were selected in the desert grassland in Inner Mongolia.Natural grassland was used as the control.Shannon-Wiener ecotone width index and Pianka ecotone overlap index of plant populations were analyzed to explore the succession pattern of plant community composition in the abandoned cropland.The succession pattern of plant community composition in the abandoned crop was investigated by analyzing these indices.Species with a higher importance in the succession stage of abandoned plowing gradually changed from first-and second-year plants to perennial grasses.Species with the largest ecotone width also changed from annuals to perennials but still differed from those with the largest ecotone width in natural grassland. The overlap of ecological niches between 20 years of abandonment and natural grassland was higher than between 5 and 15 years of abandonment. The overlap of ecological niches between 15 years of abandonment was mainly between Artemisia scopari and Neopallasia petinata. The largest overlap of ecological niches between natural grassland and 20 years of abandonment was between species pairs Stipa breviflora and N. petinata. Therefore, with the increase in the number of years of abandonment, the characteristics of the plant community in the abandoned land gradually succeeded to the direction of natural grassland.

关 键 词：荒漠草原 弃耕演替 优势种 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 物种重要值 天然草地 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]