施氮对松嫩平原栽培羊草地生产性能和土壤养分的影响  

Effect of nitrogen application on the production performance and soil nutrients of cultivated Leymus chinensis grassland in the Songnen Plain

作　　者：王雪珊 孔晓蕾[1] 刘杰淋[1] 张强[1] 彭大庆 于利民 刘新鹏 WANG Xueshan;KONG Xiaolei;LIU Jielin;ZHANG Qiang;PENG Daqing;YU Limin;LIU Xinpeng(Prataculture Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150000,Heilongjiang,China;Haituo Township Comprehensive Service Center,Daan 131300,Jilin,China;Daan Grassland Management Station,Daan 131300,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150000 [2]大安市海坨乡综合服务中心,吉林大安131300 [3]大安市草原管理站,吉林大安131300

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第7期1606-1613,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院院级课题资助项目(CX22YQ20);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2024-1-A004);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：为明确施氮对栽培草地生产性能及土壤养分的影响,本研究以栽培羊草(Leymus chinensis)地为研究对象,采用随机区组设计,设置不同施氮处理[N0(0 kg·hm^(-2))、N1 (42 kg·hm^(-2))、N2(84 kg·hm^(-2))、N3(126 kg·hm^(-2))],通过连续两年(2018年、2019年)试验观测,分析不同施氮水平下栽培羊草地的株高、干物质产量及土壤p H、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和速效磷变化特征。结果表明,施氮后羊草的株高和干物质产量随施氮量的增加呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,在施氮量为84 kg·hm^(-2)(N2处理)时表现最好,随后呈下降趋势。2018年和2019年,在N2处理下羊草的干物质产量较N0分别提高了43.20%(P <0.05)和22.15%。与N0相比,N2处理显著提高了2019年0-10 cm土壤全氮和全磷含量,但对p H影响不显著。相关分析表明,羊草的株高、干物质产量与土壤全磷、速效磷和有机质含量呈显著正相关关系(P <0.05),与土壤p H呈极显著负相关关系(P <0.01)。综合分析,当氮肥施用量为84 kg·hm^(-2)时,对松嫩平原栽培羊草地的羊草生产和土壤肥力改善效果最好。To clarify the effect of nitrogen application on the production performance and soil nutrients of cultivated Leymus chinensis grassland,this study used the cultivated L.chinensis grassland as the research subject.A randomized block design was employed with different nitrogen treatments:N0(0 kg·ha^(-1)),N1(42 kg·ha^(-1)),N2(84 kg·ha^(-1)),and N3(126 kg·ha^(-1)).Through two consecutive years of experimentation and observation in 2018 and 2019,the plant height and dry matter yield of cultivated L.chinensis grassland as well as soil pH,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,and available phosphorus under different nitrogen application levels were analyzed.The results showed that the plant height and dry matter yield of L. chinensis initially increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application, with the best performance being observed at the nitrogen application rate of 84 kg·ha^(-1) (N2 treatment), which was followed by a declining trend. In 2018 and 2019, compared with that in the N0 (control), the dry matter yield of L. chinensis under N2 treatment increased by 43.20% (P < 0.05) and 22.15%, respectively. N2 treatment also significantly increased the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in the 0-10 cm soil layer in 2019 but had no significant effect on the soil pH. Correlation analysis indicated that the plant height and dry matter yield of L. chinensis significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter content, soil total phosphorus, and available phosphorus (P < 0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with soil pH (P < 0.01). In summary, the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate for improving the production and soil fertility of cultivated L. chinensis grassland in the Songnen Plain was found to be 84 kg·ha^(-1).

关 键 词：羊草 氮添加 刈割 生产能力 土壤肥力 松嫩平原 退化草地 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]