番石榴花芽分化形态结构及内源激素动态变化研究  

Study on the morphological structure of flower bud differentiation and the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones in Psidium guajava L.

作　　者：黄婉莉 张朝坤 张冬敏 郑诚乐[2] HUANG Wanli;ZHANG Chaokun;ZHANG Dongmin;ZHENG Chengle(Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangzhou,Hujian,363005,China;School of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian,350002,China)

机构地区：[1]漳州市农业科学研究所,福建漳州363005 [2]福建农林大学园艺学院,福州350002

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第4期80-87,共8页South China Fruits

基　　金：福建省科技计划项目(2022N0045)资助。

摘　　要：为揭示番石榴花芽分化过程中内源激素的变化规律,以“红香1号”番石榴为试材,应用石蜡切片技术对花芽进行解剖观察,采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定花芽分化过程中其内源激素含量。结果表明,根据番石榴花器官发育特征将其花芽分化形态建成过程划分为始分化期、花萼原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期和雌蕊雄蕊成熟期6个时期。随着花芽分化进程,花芽吲哚乙酸和赤霉素含量变化规律相似,呈逐渐下降趋势;脱落酸和玉米素核苷含量总体呈先上升后下降的趋势,在花瓣原基分化期两者含量均达到最高,且显著高于其他时期。花芽分化过程中,脱落酸/赤霉素、脱落酸/吲哚乙酸、玉米素核苷/赤霉素和玉米素核苷/吲哚乙酸均呈先上升后下降的趋势,在花芽形态始分化期最低,在花瓣原基分化期最高,显著高于其他时期。推测低水平的花芽吲哚乙酸和赤霉素含量有利于番石榴花芽分化,高水平脱落酸和玉米素核苷含量有利于花芽分化,脱落酸/赤霉素、脱落酸/吲哚乙酸、玉米素核苷/赤霉素和玉米素核苷/吲哚乙酸升高与花芽分化诱导有关,促使番石榴向生殖生长转变。In order to reveal the changes of endogenous hormones in the process of flower bud differentiation of guava,Hongxiang No.1 guava was used as experimental material,and the flower buds were dissected and observed by paraffin section technology.The content of endogenous hormones in the process of flower bud differentiation was determined by HPLC-MS/MS.The results showed that according to the development characteristics of guava flower organ,the process of flower bud differentiation and morphogenesis was divided into six stages:initial differentiation,sepal primordium differentiation,petal primordium differentiation,stamen primordium differentiation,pistil primordium differentiation,and pistil and stamen maturation.With the process of flower bud differentiation,the change regulations of endogenous hormones IAA and GA 3 were similar,showing a gradual downward trend.The contents of ABA and TZR increased first and then decreased,and both reached the highest level at the stage of petal primordium differentiation,which were significantly higher than those of at other stages.During flower bud differentiation,the ratios of endogenous hormones ABA/GA 3,ABA/IAA,TZR/GA3 and TZR/IAA all increased first and then decreased,with the lowest levels in the early stage of flower bud morphological differentiation and the highest levels in the stage of petal primordium differentiation,which were significantly higher than those of in other stages.It was inferred that low levels of IAA and GA 3,and high levels of ABA and TZR,are conducive to flower bud differentiation of guava.The increase of ABA/GA 3,ABA/IAA,TZR/GA 3 and TZR/IAA ratio is related to induction of flower bud differentiation,which promotes the transformation of guava to reproductive growth.

关 键 词：番石榴 花芽分化 解剖结构 脱落酸 赤霉素 吲哚乙酸 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]