有机肥替代部分化肥对葡萄生长和果实品质的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer on grape growth and fruit quality

作　　者：李晟之 闫凤丹 李俊 张宗勤 张朝红 LI Shengzhi;YAN Fengdan;LI Jun;ZHANG Zongqin;ZHANG Chaohong(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Creation of Horticultural Crops in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling,Shaanxi,712100,China;Xi’an Agricultural Technique Extension Center,Xi’an,Shaanxi,710300,China;College of Enology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi,712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/农业部西北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西安市农业技术推广中心,西安710300 [3]西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第4期119-124,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLNY-23);西安市科技计划项目(22NYYF039)资助。

摘　　要：为减少葡萄园化肥的施用量,改良土壤和提高果实品质,以5年生户太八号葡萄为试验材料,研究1 t/667 m^(2)、3 t/667 m^(2)、5 t/667 m^(2)和7 t/667 m^(2)有机肥替代50 kg/667 m^(2)硫酸钾复合肥处理对土壤理化性质、树体生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明,有机肥替代部分化肥与单施化肥相比可以提高土壤透气性,降低土壤pH值,改善土壤微环境。与单独施用100 kg/667 m^(2)硫酸钾复合肥相比,用5 t/667 m^(2)有机肥替代50 kg/667 m^(2)硫酸钾复合肥的处理效果最好,土壤有机质含量、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量与对照相比,分别显著提高了30.98%、16.79%、43.04%和19.08%,枝条长度、粗度及叶绿素含量与对照相比分别增加11.46%、7.27%和6.45%,葡萄单穗质量、单粒质量、硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖分别提高了19.19%、8.31%、17.90%、8.49%、8.26%,可滴定酸含量降低了12.24%。综合分析认为5 t/667 m^(2)有机肥替代50 kg/667 m^(2)硫酸钾复合肥的处理效果较好,适宜在陕西地区推广应用。In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer in vineyards,improve soil and fruit quality,5-year-old Hutai 8 grape was used as experimental material to study the effects of 1 t/667 m^(2),3 t/667 m^(2),5 t/667 m^(2),and 7 t/667 m^(2) organic fertilizer treatments replacing 50 kg/667 m^(2) potassium sulfate compound fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties,tree growth and development,and fruit quality.The results showed that replacing part of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer could improve soil permeability,decrease soil pH value,and improve soil microenvironment compared to only applying chemical fertilizer.Compared with the application of 100 kg/667 m^(2) potassium sulfate compound fertilizer alone,the treatment of replacing 50 kg/667 m^(2) potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with 5 t/667 m^(2) organic fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter content,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content by 30.98%,16.79%,43.04%,and 19.08%,respectively.Branch length,roughness,and chlorophyll content were increased by 11.46%,7.27%,and 6.45%,respectively.Single floral cluster weight,single grain weight,hardness,soluble solids,and soluble sugars were increased by 19.19%,8.31%,17.90%,8.49%,and 8.26%,respectively,while titratable acid content decreased by 12.24%.Based on comprehensive analysis,it is believed that replacing 50 kg/667 m^(2) potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with 5 t/667 m^(2) organic fertilizer has better effect and is suitable for promotion and application in Shaanxi region.

关 键 词：葡萄 有机肥 土壤改良 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]