春梢结果母枝对“奉黄1号”猕猴桃果实产量及品质的影响  

The effect of spring mother-bearing shoots on the yield and quality of‘Fenghuang No.1’kiwifruit

作　　者：钟文奇 黄丽红 伍梦婷 杨成 陈双双 贾东峰 黄春辉[1] 陶俊杰[1] ZHONG Wenqi;HUANG Lihong;WU Mengting;YANG Cheng;CHEN Shuangshuang;JIA Dongfeng;HUANG Chunhui;TAO Junjie(School of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Kiwifruit Research Institute,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi,330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/江西农业大学猕猴桃研究所,南昌330045

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第4期140-147,156,共9页South China Fruits

基　　金：江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ210403);江西省猕猴桃产业技术体系建设专项(JXARS-05)资助。

摘　　要：为完善黄肉型中华猕猴桃新品种“奉黄1号”冬季修剪技术,为该品种标准化修剪与推广应用奠定基础,本研究设置4组不同占比的春梢结果母枝试验,比较春梢结果母枝不同占比下“奉黄1号”猕猴桃果实产量和品质差异,并使用主成分分析法对其品质指标进行综合评价,探究适宜该品种的春梢结果母枝占比。结果表明,春梢结果母枝不同占比的“奉黄1号”猕猴桃果实内在品质存在差异,随着春梢结果母枝占比的提高,果实干物质含量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比、抗坏血酸含量、类胡萝卜素含量以及类胡萝卜素与叶绿素比值等大多呈现先升高后下降的趋势。春梢结果母枝占比80%时果实内在品质最高;果实外在品质差异不显著。整体上随着结果母枝中春梢占比的提高,果实单株产量呈现升高趋势,纵径和果形指数呈现先升高后下降的趋势,以春梢结果母枝占比80%时最高,大果率、中果率、小果率、横径等则不呈现规律性变化。主成分分析结果表明,春梢结果母枝占比80%时,“奉黄1号”猕猴桃果实综合品质最佳。To improve the winter pruning technology of new yellow-fleshed kiwifruit variety‘Fenghuang No.1’and lay a foundation for the standardized pruning and popularization and application of this variety,four groups of spring mother-bearing shoots in different proportions were set up for investigation in this study.The differences in fruit yield and quality of‘Fenghuang No.1’under different proportions of spring mother-bearing shoots were compared.The principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality indicators and explore the suitable proportion of spring mother-bearing shoots for this variety.The results showed that there were differences in the internal quality of‘Fenghuang No.1’among different proportions of spring mother-bearing shoots.With the increase of the proportion of mother-bearing shoots in spring shoots,the dry matter content,soluble solids content,soluble sugar content,titratable acid content,sugar-acid ratio,ascorbic acid content,carotenoid content and carotenoid-chlorophyll ratio of the fruit mostly increased first and then decreased.The internal quality of the fruit was the highest when the mother-bearing shoots accounted for 80%of spring shoots,with no significant difference in the external qualities.On the whole,with the increase of the proportion of spring mother-bearing shoots,the fruit yield per plant showed an increasing trend,and the vertical diameter and fruit shape index showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing.These indexes were the highest when the proportion of mother-bearing shoots was 80%of spring shoots.The other indicators such as the large fruit rate,medium fruit rate,small fruit rate and transverse diameter did not show regular changes.The results of the principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive quality of‘Fenghuang No.1’was the best when the proportion of mother-bearing shoots was 80%of spring shoots.

关 键 词：“奉黄1号”猕猴桃 春梢 结果母枝 果实品质 产量 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]