新型除藻剂双十烷基甲基丙基碘化铵(DMPAI)除藻效果及对水生生物毒性效应研究  

Studies on the algae removal effect and toxic effects of new algae removal agent didecyl methylpropyl ammonium iodide(DMPAI)on aquatic organisms

作　　者：朱琦[1,2] 范振宇 曾令全 李春华[1,2] 叶春[1,2] ZHU Qi;FAN Zhenyu;ZENG Lingquan;LI Chunhua;YE Chun(National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences)

机构地区：[1]湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,中国环境科学研究院 [2]国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,中国环境科学研究院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2024年第4期1357-1363,共7页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2023YSKY-44)。

摘　　要：针对由富营养化引起的淡水湖泊水华问题,投加季铵盐类化合物作为除藻剂是一种有效的应急处置方法,但其用量和环境毒性受到广泛关注。为明确新型季铵盐类除藻剂双十烷基甲基丙基碘化铵(DMPAI)的有效使用浓度及安全性,测定了不同浓度下DMPAI对以水华微囊藻为主的浮游藻类、大型溞以及斑马鱼胚胎的毒性效应。结果表明,浓度为0.5~2 mg/L的DMPAI能够在24 h内降低水体中46.77%的叶绿素a,并且令微囊藻数量降至原本的34%;在该浓度水平下,不会影响大型溞的生存和繁殖,但会令大型溞生长迟缓;斑马鱼胚胎的死亡率与DMPAI浓度成正比,死亡率最大值为19.00%,并且出现提前孵化、心跳缓慢等现象,但不会显著影响幼鱼的体长变化。Adding quaternary ammonium compounds(QACs)as algal removal agents is an effective emergency response means for the problem of algal blooms caused by eutrophication,in freshwater lakes,and their dosage and environmental toxicity have received widespread attention.To clarify the effective concentration and safety of a new QAC algal removal agent,didecyl methylpropyl ammonium iodide(DMPAI),the toxic effects of it on planktonic algae,mainly Microcystis aeruginosa,Daphnia magna,and zebrafish embryos were determined at different concentrations.The results showed that DMPAI at the concentration of 0.5-2 mg/L could reduce 46.77%of the chlorophyll a in the water within 24 h,and reduce the number of Microcystis aeruginosa to 34%of its original level.At this concentration level,it did not affect the survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna,but retarded the growth of Daphnia magna,and the mortality rate of the zebrafish embryos was positively proportional to the concentration of DMPAI,with the maximum mortality rate of 19.00%.There were also the phenomena such as hatching in advance and heartbeat slowing,but it did not significantly affect the body length changes of juvenile fish.

关 键 词：季铵盐化合物 水华 大型溞 斑马鱼 毒性 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]