杜甫召补京兆功曹事新考——兼论《奉寄别马巴州》之作年  

A New Study on Du Fu Being Appointed as the Jingzhao Meritocracy:Concurrently on the Writing Year of Sending to the Ma Bazhou

作　　者：孙微[1] SUN Wei(Advanced Institute of Confucianism Studies,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期92-98,共7页Journal of Hunan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目:杜甫文赋研究论稿(23FZWB024);山东省社会科学规划研究项目:明末清初杜诗阐释与接受研究(23CZWJ06)。

摘　　要：杜甫在《奉寄别马巴州》的诗注中称其在东川除京兆功曹,然诗中对功曹一职却表现出鄙弃的态度,学界遂误以为杜甫并未接受此职。实际上京兆功曹是杜甫官职序列中的重要节点,其品阶恰好位于华州司功参军与检校工部员外郎之间,是检校工部员外郎的前资官。《奉寄别马巴州》应作于广德元年(763)春,是年正月严武代刘晏为京兆尹,遂表奏杜甫为京兆功曹参军。黄鹤将此诗系于上元二年(761)乃是沿袭了新旧《唐书·杜甫传》之误,而仇兆鳌将此诗与《奉待严大夫》的作年进行联动,同系于广德二年(764)春,乃是出于对诗意的误解,其实杜甫召补京兆功曹与严武再次镇蜀并无密切的联系,故二诗的作年并没有联动之必要。Du Fu said in his poem that he was appointed as a Meritocracy of Jingzhao,but he showed a disdainful attitude towards that post in the poem.Then the contemporary academic circles mistakenly thought that he had not accepted that post.In fact,Jingzhao Meritocracy was an important node in Du Fu’s official rank sequence,that rank is just between Huazhousigong and Jianjiaoyuanwailang of Work Department,which is the former capital officer of the Jianjiaoyuanwailang.That poem must have been written in the spring of 763.In the first month of the year,Yan Wu was appointed as the Jingzhaoyin,and he appointed Du Fu as Jingzhao Meritocracy,which was his subordinate officer.Huang He compiled at poem in 761,following the mistakes of the old and new Tang Shu,Qiu Zhaoao linked that poem’s writing time to another poem Respecting the Yan Dafu,which was also related to the spring of 764,because he misunderstood the poetic flavor.In fact,there is no close relationship between Du Fu’s call to supplement the Jingzhao Meritocracy and Yan Wu’s being re-appointed as the Sichuan Chief,so there is no need to link the two poems’writing year.

关 键 词：杜甫 严武 京兆功曹 《奉寄别马巴州》 作年 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]