“蜂糖李”原产地果园土壤重金属地球化学基线厘定、污染源识别和风险评价  

Geochemical Baseline Determination,Pollution Source Identification and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Orchard Soils of the Origin of"Bee-Sugar Plums"

作　　者：常森 刘思佳 吴红梅 王衡[3] 陈程 魏晓 文雪峰[1] CHANG Sen;LIU Sijia;WU Hongmei;WANG Heng;CHEN Cheng;WEI Xiao;WEN Xuefeng(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;School of Public Management,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州财经大学公共管理学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《地质与勘探》2024年第4期747-761,共15页Geology and Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41563011、42167032);贵州大学(编号:41563011培育[2020]61号)联合资助。

摘　　要：果园土壤重金属评价对果园环境质量至关重要。本研究以蜂糖李原产地贵州镇宁布依族苗族自治县六马镇的土壤为研究对象,通过ICP-MS测定样品中重金属As、Ni、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Zn、Pb含量,采用标准化和相对累积频率两大方法确定研究区的地球化学基线值;在利用潜在生态污染危害指数法对研究区果园土壤中的重金属进行生态风险评估的同时,采用PCA和PMF模型探究了重金属来源及贡献率。结果显示:蜂糖李原产地土壤中As、Ni、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Zn、Pb平均含量分别为14.63、32.21、0.21、60.58、35.42、0.07、85.73、24.51 mg·kg^(-1),分别是贵州省土壤背景值的0.73、0.82、0.32、0.63、1.11、0.64、0.86、0.70倍。上述重金属的地球化学基线值分别是14.565、30.649、0.184、58.452、34.228、0.060、85.728、24.017 mg·kg^(-1)。风险等级显示,重金属Hg属于中等生态风险,其他7种重金属为轻微生态风险。研究区表层土壤中上述重金属主要来自于六个方面:燃烧、自然过程、农业活动、矿业活动、大气沉降和灌溉复合源、交通运输,所占比例分别为15.51%、19.40%、13.82%、8.62%、28.31%和14.33%,其主要来源是大气沉降和灌溉复合源。该研究结果可为蜂糖李原产地土壤保育和土壤环境质量评价标准的建立提供科学参考。The evaluation of heavy metals in orchard soil is crucial for the environmental quality of orchards.This study focuses on the soil of Liuma Town,Buyi and Miao Autonomous County,Zhenning,Guizhou Province,which is the original production area of bee sugar plum.The content of heavy metals As,Ni,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Zn,and Pb in the samples was determined by ICP-MS,and the geochemical baseline values of the study area were analyzed using standardization and relative cumulative frequency methods.The potential ecological pollution hazard index method was adopted to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in the orchard soil,and the PCA and PMF models were utilized to explore the sources and contribution rates of heavy metals.Results show that the average content of As,Ni,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Zn,and Pb in the soil of the original production area of bee sugar plum was 14.63,32.21,0.21,60.58,35.42,0.07,85.73,and 24.51 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,which were 0.73,0.82,0.32,0.63,1.11,0.64,0.86,and 0.70 times the soil background values in Guizhou Province.The geochemical baseline values of the above-mentioned heavy metals are 14.565,30.649,0.184,58.452,34.228,0.060,85.728,and 24.017 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.The risk level shows that the heavy metal Hg belongs to moderate ecological risk,while the other seven heavy metals are mild ecological risk.The above-mentioned heavy metals in the surface soil mainly come from combustion,natural processes,agricultural activities,mining activities,atmospheric deposition and irrigation composite sources,and transportation,which account for 15.51%,19.40%,13.82%,8.62%,28.31%,and 14.33%,respectively.The main sources are atmospheric deposition and irrigation composite sources.This research can provide scientific reference for soil conservation and the establishment of soil environmental quality evaluation standards in the original production area of bee sugar plums.

关 键 词：蜂糖李 果园 土壤重金属 地球化学基线 污染评价 源解析 六马镇 贵州 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学]