基于多维度指标的小麦种子田间分布质量评价方法研究  

Evaluation of field distribution quality of wheat seeds based on multidimensional indicators

作　　者：丁启朔 付琳倩 汪小旵 何瑞银 徐高明 DING Qishuo;FU Linqian;WANG Xiaochan;HE Ruiyin;XU Gaoming(College of Engineering,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipments of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院/江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2024年第4期841-855,共15页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300304)。

摘　　要：【目的】精确播种技术是创建作物合理群体、保障作物增产丰产的重要技术途径。针对精确播种质量的测试评价方法仍然十分缺乏,尤其缺少种子在田间分布质量评价以及精确播种质量与作物出苗率、产量及构成因素间响应关系的定量研究。【方法】以原位激光种子位测试仪、3D数字化和Python等信息技术构建一套基于多维度指标的精确播种质量评价方法,其指标包含一维评价指标(种子直线度)、二维评价指标(种子散布度)、三维评价指标(种-土均质营养利用率);后使用小区精密播种试验台架开展了为期2年的稻茬麦精确播种试验,采用播种行距20 cm,播种粒距×播种深度相组合的9种处理,即1.5 cm×2 cm(A_(1)B_(1))、1.5 cm×3 cm(A_(1)B_(2))、1.5 cm×6 cm(A_(1)B_(3))、3 cm×2 cm(A_(2)B_(1))、3 cm×3 cm(A_(2)B_(2))、3 cm×6 cm(A_(2)B_(3))、4.5 cm×2 cm(A_(3)B_(1))、4.5 cm×3 cm(A_(3)B_(2))、4.5 cm×6 cm(A_(3)B_(3)),用于该精确播种质量评价新方法的验证。【结果】2年度种子直线度在A2B3处理较优,其变异系数δ分别为28.63%、32.67%;2年度种子散布度在A_(2)B_(1)处理较优,其变异系数γ分别为28.17%、30.14%;种-土均质营养利用率在A2B1处理(2021—2022年)取得最大值,为91.33%。种-土均质营养利用率与作物出苗率、单株产量、单株总结实粒数、千粒质量之间均在0.01水平显著相关。【结论】基于种子直线度、种子散布度、种-土均质营养利用率等多维度指标构建的精确播种质量综合评价方法,可准确解析播后种子在田间的分布质量,同时种-土均质营养率与作物出苗率、单株产量及产量构成因素之间的响应关系分析方法,也有利于建立精确播种技术与作物生长之间的联系并促进农机-农艺融合发展。[Objective]Precision seeding technology is one of the key ways to achieve reasonable crop group and ensure the increase of crop yield.However,there is a lack of the methods for testing and evaluating the precision of seeding quality as well as the methods of quantitatively evaluating the spatial distribution of post-sowing seeds in soil volume,and the response of crop emergence rate,yield,and its components to different precision sowing technologies[.Method]A precise seeding quality evaluation method based on multidimensional indicators was constructed using information technologies such as in-situ laser seed position tester,3D digitization,and Python.The indicators included one-dimensional evaluation indicators(seed straightness),two-dimensional evaluation indicators(seed dispersion),and three-dimensional evaluation indicators(seed homogeneous nutrient utilization rate).Afterwards,a 2-year precision sowing experiment on wheat was conducted using a precision sowing test bench in a residential area.Nine treatments were used,including a row spacing of 20 cm,and a combination of seed spacing×sowing depth of 1.5 cm×2 cm(A_(1)B_(1)),1.5 cm×3 cm(A_(1)B_(2)),1.5 cm×6 cm(A_(1)B_(3)),3 cm×2 cm(A_(2)B_(1)),3 cm×3 cm(A_(2)B_(2)),3 cm×6 cm(A_(2)B_(3)),4.5 cm×2 cm(A_(3)B_(1)),4.5 cm×3 cm(A_(3)B_(2)),and 4.5 cm×6 cm(A_(3)B_(3)).This experiment was conducted to verify the quality evaluation method of this sowing.[Result]The experimental results showed that the seed straightness was better in the A_(2)B_(3)treatment for 2 years,with coefficients of variation of 28.63%and 32.67%,respectively;The seed dispersion was better in the A_(2)B_(1)treatment for 2 years,with coefficients of variation of 28.17%and 30.14%,respectively;The seed homogeneous nutrient utilization rate reached its maximum value of 91.33%in A_(2)B_(1)treatment(2021—2022).There was a significant correlation at the 0.01 level between the seed homogeneous nutrient utilization rate and crop emergence rate,yield per plant,total number of grains per plant,an

关 键 词：小麦 精确播种 评价方法 多维度指标 种子分布 作物生长 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S23-0