全国人大常委会执法检查权的本质与革新  

Reflections on the Essence and Innovation of Law Enforcement Inspection Power of the National People's Congress Standing Committee

作　　者：戴龙杰 陈宁祥 Dai Longjie;Chen Ningxiang(Post-Doctoral Mobile Research Station for Marxism Theory,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,201703,China;School of Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai,201800,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学马克思主义理论博士后流动站,上海201703 [2]华东政法大学,上海201800

出　　处：《湖北社会科学》2024年第5期107-116,共10页Hubei Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“全国人大常委会授权改革试点决定案例研究”(21CFX060)。

摘　　要：作为全国人大常委会监督依法行政和公正司法的重要途径,执法检查在检查的法律数量、检查重点的分布、覆盖的地域范围等实效方面仍有改善空间。有别于普遍的感性认识,结合国家立法的权威分类、权力起源、国家立法权与人大监督权的应然界分来看,执法检查是国家立法权为自我实现而向执法层面延伸的派生权力,而非源自基本国家权力并能实质纠偏执法权的典型人大监督权。应以澄清权力定位为前提整全其制度建构,通过调整委托地方自查制度消解合法性争议;参照地方立法经验组建平行于专门委员会的执法检查委员会,健全执法机关自行整改的信息反馈与处理制度,提升执法不严的处理效率;改进执法检查工作机制,明确不同任期的检查重点与系统性安排,发挥听取专项工作报告的辅助作用,未曾检查的基本法律应逐步纳入检查计划从而整体辐射法律体系。Law Enforcement Inspection is an important method for the National People's Congress Standing Committee to inspect administration according to law and judicial justice.Inspection on some items should be constantly improved,including the number of laws inspected,the distribution of inspection focus,the geographic scope of inspection and other aspects of effectiveness.Unlike other perceptual knowledge,based on the authoritative classification of national laws,the origin of inspection power of the inspection,and the proper division of the state's legislative power and NPCSC's inspection power,it should be known that inspection is essentially a derived power of the state's legislative power which extends to law enforcement level for self-,instead of NPCSC's typical inspection power that originates from the fundamental state power and intends to substantially correct the law enforcement power.Improvements of the inspection system should be made on the premise of clarifying the essence of power.It is suggested that delegated self-inspection to the standing committees of local people's congresses be adjusted to resolve debates on its legitimacy,and independent local inspection committees shall be established parallel to special committees based on local legislative experience to improve the information feedback and processing system of law enforcement agenciesself-rectification and the processing efficiency on lax law enforcement.The working mechanism of law enforcement inspection shall also be improved to clarify the inspection focus and systematic arrangement in different terms,and assist in listening to special work reports.Basic laws that have not been inspected should be gradually incorporated into the inspection programme and radiate across the legal system.

关 键 词：执法检查 实效 人大监督权 监督法 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]