三水河流域农业生产空间水资源时空匹配性分析与调控研究  

Analysis and regulation of spatio-temporal matching of water resources in agricultural production space in Sanshui River Basin

作　　者：李兰[1] 朱苗 牛少林 殷宝库[2,3] LI Lan;ZHU Miao;NIU Shaolin;YIN Baoku(School of Architecture,Chang an University,Xi an710061,China;Upper and Middle Yellow River Bureau,YRCC,Xi an 710021,China;Observation and Research Station of Soil and Water Conservation on Loess Plateau,Xi an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学建筑学院,西安710061 [2]黄河上中游管理局,西安710021 [3]水利部黄土高原水土保持野外科学观测研究站,西安710021

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期443-452,共10页Journal of Central China Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022SF-419,2022ZDLSF02-09);国家自然科学基金项目(52178030).

摘　　要：水资源短缺是长期制约农业经济发展的关键因素之一.针对以雨养农业为主的三水河流域农业用水需求大、水资源短缺以及用水效率低的突出问题,该研究采用水平衡理论和Penman-Monteith法,在年度、月度与作物层面上分别得到2020年三水河各子流域单元农业生产空间的供、需水量,分析供需匹配的时空特征,并判断供需矛盾的等级与类型.结果表明,三水河流域农业生产空间水资源供需匹配存在空间和时间错位性,水资源匹配性北高南低;年度农业用水整体处于“水平衡-临界匮缺”的匹配性等级,农业主产小流域水匮缺程度相对严重;月度农业生产空间水资源匹配性时空差异显著,盈余型、匮缺型和盈匮相持型小流域并存;作物用水匹配性整体表现为苹果>玉米>小麦,苹果用水的匹配关系接近于平衡,为流域用水方面的优势作物.据此,研究提出农业生产空间调控建议,为提高三水河流域农业生产水资源利用效率和优化农业空间布局提供参考.Water scarcity is a crucial factor that has long constrained the development of agricultural economy.Addressing the prominent issues of high water demand,water scarcity,and low water use efficiency in the rain-fed agriculture-dominated Sanshui River Basin,this study utilized the water balance theory and the Penman-Monteith method to obtain the spatial supply and demand of water for agricultural production units in the Sanshui River Basin at annual,monthly,and crop levels in 2020.It analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of supply-demand matching and determined the level and types of supply-demand contradictions.The results showed that:there is a spatial and temporal mismatch in the spatial water resources supply and demand in the Sanshui River Basin,with higher water resource matching in the north and lower matching in the south.The overall annual agricultural water use in the basin is at a level of“balance-critical scarcity”with relatively severe water scarcity in the primary agricultural sub-basins.Significant spatial-temporal differences exist in monthly agricultural spatial water resource matching,with the coexistence of surplus,scarcity,and surplus-scarcity sub-basins.Crop water use efficiency is ranked as apples>corn>wheat,with apple water use approaching balance,making it the dominant crop in basin water use.Based on these findings,the study proposes agricultural spatial regulation recommendations,providing reference for improving water resource utilization efficiency and optimizing agricultural spatial layout in the Sanshui River Basin.

关 键 词：水资源 农业生产空间 供水量 需水量 供需匹配 

分 类 号：TV212.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]