揭秘宇宙线起源:LHAASO的使命、挑战与展望  

Unveiling the origins of cosmic rays:the mission,challenges,and prospects of LHAASO

作　　者：刘佳[1] 曹臻[1] LIU Jia;CAO Zhen(Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100049

出　　处：《物理》2024年第4期237-244,共8页Physics

摘　　要：高海拔宇宙线观测站(LHAASO)是人类研究宇宙线最大的实验装置之一,其核心科学目标是寻找宇宙线的起源,不但要探测超高能伽马射线源,也致力于精确测量地球附近带电宇宙线的成分和能谱,系统地研究宇宙线的加速过程及传播机制。从发现12个超高能伽马源(标志着超高能伽马天文学领域的开启),到第一个星表的发布(展现出银河系丰富多彩的宇宙线加速源的候选天体),LHAASO已经为发现宇宙线起源奠定了良好的基础。此外,这些成果为后续的宇宙线加速机理和传播效应的研究指明了方向,同时也为现有理论与模型提供了精确检验的机会与挑战。文章概述了LHAASO项目的开展背景、望远镜主要结构及其在宇宙线物理学中的重大意义,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)stands as one of the largest experimental setups in the last 110 years dedicated to cosmic ray research.Its core scientific objective is to uncover the origins of cosmic rays,not only by detecting ultra-high energy(UHE)gamma-ray sources but also by accurately measuring the composition and energy spectrum of charged cosmic rays near Earth,and systematically studying the acceleration and propagation mechanisms of cosmic rays.From the identification of 12 UHE gamma-ray sources,marking the advent of UHE gamma astronomy,to the release of the first star catalog showcasing the diverse potential cosmic ray accelerators within the Milky Way,LHAASO has laid a solid foundation for uncovering the origin of cosmic rays.Moreover,these achievements have directed the subsequent research on cosmic ray acceleration and propagation,while also providing opportunities and challenges for testing existing theories and models.This article outlines the background of the LHAASO project,the significance of this major scientific instrument led by Chinese scientists in cosmic ray physics,and envisages its future research directions.

关 键 词：高海拔宇宙线观测站 粒子天体物理 超高能伽马射线 宇宙线起源 

分 类 号：P172.4[天文地球—天文学]