不同喷淋流速对散栏饲养奶牛夏季降温效果的影响  

Effect of Different Spray Flow Rates on the Cooling of Free-stall Dairy Cows in Summer

作　　者：陈宜军 孙越 CHEN Yi-jun;SUN Yue(Beijing General Station Of Animal Husbandry,Beijing 100020)

机构地区：[1]北京市畜牧总站/农业农村部畜牧环境质量监督检验测试中心,北京102200

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2024年第7期66-72,共7页China Dairy Cattle

摘　　要：试验旨在探讨不同喷淋流速处理对散栏泌乳奶牛夏季牛舍环境和降温效果的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,将40头泌乳奶牛随机均分为A、B、C、D四组,每组10头,分别进行0L/min、0.4L/min、1.2L/min、4L/min智能化喷淋降温处理。试验期为5d,期间散栏饲养管理,提供相同日粮,自由饮水,对夏季牛舍环境指标、奶牛生产参数、生理指标、行为参数进行定时测定,以分析不同喷淋流速降温处理对半开放牛舍夏季环境和泌乳奶牛降温效果的影响。结果表明,不同喷淋流速对奶牛夏季降温效果有显著影响,和0.4L/min相比,1.2L/min、4L/min处理能更显著增加牛舍采食通道环境指标(P<0.05),缓解热应激导致的奶牛呼吸频率、直肠体温升高、奶牛部分免疫反应、产奶量和采食量下降,并会减少奶牛进入喷淋区间的次数,缓解奶牛夏季热应激,且1.2L/min、4L/min作用效果相似。从节水减排和降温效果的角度考虑,建议采用1.2L/min的喷淋降温流速。The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of different spraying flow rate treatments on the environment and cooling effect of loose lactating cows in the summer barn.The experiment was designed as a oneway trial,in which 40 lactating dairy cows were randomly divided into four groups of 10 cows each,with 0 L/min,0.4 L/min,1.2 L/min and 4 L/min of intelligent spray cooling treatment.The experimental period was 5 days with loose feeding management,providing the same diet,free drinking water,environmental indicators of summer barn,cow production performance,physiological indicators,behavioral parameters were measured at regular intervals,in order to analyze the effects of different spraying flow rate cooling treatments on the summer environment of the semi-open barn and the cooling effect of lactating cows.The results showed that,compared with 0.4 L/min,the 1.2 L/min and 4 L/min treatments significantly increased the environmental indexes of the barn's feeding aisle(P<0.05),alleviated the respiratory rate of cows,the increase in rectal temperature,the partial immune response of cows caused by heat stress.It also increased lactation and feed intake,reduced the number of times cows enter the spraying zone,and the effects of 1.2 L/min and 4 L/min are similar.So it is recommended to use the spraying cooling flow rate of 1.2 L/min from the viewpoints of water conservation,emission reduction and cooling effect.

关 键 词：喷淋流速 奶牛 牛舍环境 生产性能 行为参数 降温效果 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]