高水平竞走运动员大赛前高原训练负荷安排及效果分析  

Load arrangement and effect analysis of altitude training for high-level race walkers before competition preparation

作　　者：蒋秋艳[1] 刘新民[1] JIANG Qiuyan;LIU Xinmin(Xi an Physical Education University,Xi an 710068,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《辽宁体育科技》2024年第4期89-95,共7页Liaoning Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局科技服务项目“中国竞走学校(2021年度)综合科技攻关与科技服务”(项目编号:2021TJ01012)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨高原环境下高水平竞走运动员备战大赛前的训练负荷特征及其对竞技能力的影响。方法:以备战2023年成都世界大学生运动会及全国竞走冠军赛(日照站)的六名获奖运动员为研究对象,分析其在三个不同海拔高原训练的训练负荷安排特征及其竞技能力的变化。结果:(1)大赛前3次高原训练期间的有氧-混氧-高强度课的占比分别为,会泽:40%-40%-20%(男子运动员)和45%-30%-25%(女子运动员);太白:33%-33%-33%(男子运动员)和40%-37%-23%(女子运动员);榆中:30%-40%-30%(男子运动员)和35%-45%-20%(女子运动员);(2)大赛前3次高原训练后有氧、混氧、高强度训练的配速均提高,男运动员分别提高11s、6s、3s;女运动员分别提高17s、9s、2s;(3)大赛前3次高原训练后最大摄氧量相对值显著提升,3.14%~6.76%(男子运动员)和3.19%~9.58%(女子运动员);(4)VO2max的提升有助于运动员运动成绩的提高。结论:赛前高原训练需要针对高原海拔、运动员性别、训练阶段、训练任务等具体情况,动态划分强度区间,合理选择负荷模式,安排赛前减量调整,可有效提高竞走运动员的竞技能力和比赛成绩。To explore the characteristics of training load and its influence on competitive ability of high-level race walkers before preparing for competition in plateau environment.Methods:Taking six athletes preparing for the 2023 World University Games in Chengdu and the National Race Walking Championship(Rizhao Station)as the research objects,the characteristics of training load arrangement and the changes of their competitive ability during training at three different altitudes were analyzed.Results:(1)The proportion of aerobic-mixed-oxygenhigh-intensity classes during the three altitude training sessions before the competition was respectively,Huize:40%-40%-20%(male athletes)and 45%-30%-25%(female athletes);Taibai:33%-33%-33%(men athletes)and 40-37%-23%(women);Yuzhong:30%-40%-30%(male athletes)and 35%-45%-20%(female athletes);(2)The pace of aerobic,mixed-oxygen and high-intensity training was improved after the three altitude training sessions before the competition,and the male athletes were improved by 11s,6s and 3s respectively;female athletes improved by 17s,9s and 2s respectively;(3)The relative value of maximal oxygen uptake after three altitude training sessions before the competition was significantly increased,3.14%~6.76%(male athletes)and 3.19%~9.58%(female athletes);(4)The increase in maximum oxygen uptake contributes to the improvement of athletes’performamce.Conclusion:According to the specific conditions of altitude,gender,training stage and training task,the intensity interval should be dynamically divided,load mode should be reasonably selected,and before competition reduction adjustment should be arranged,which can effectively improve the competitive ability and competition results of race walkers.

关 键 词：竞走运动员 赛前训练 高原训练 负荷安排 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]