不同防护措施对早熟朱柿抽条的防护效果及其生理机制  

Protective effect and physiological mechanism of different protective measures on early maturing persimmon shooting

作　　者：刘格格 侯锐 王宁宁 黄军保 张拥兵 王林[1] 吕英忠 LIU Gege;HOU Rui;WANG Ningning;HUANG Junbao;ZHANG Yongbing;WANG Lin;LV Yingzhong(College of Forestry Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;Institute of Fruit Trees of Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学果树研究所,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第4期62-69,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2022C008);山西农业大学2022年度产业引领工程项目(CYYL-22-15-1)。

摘　　要：选取定植1 a的早熟朱柿幼树为研究对象,设置树干缠防寒布+反光膜、树干培土、树干涂白、树干缠防寒布、枝条喷涂水果保鲜剂、枝条喷涂高脂膜、枝条喷涂石蜡乳化剂共7个防抽条处理,测定不同处理的抽条率以及一年生枝的水分状况、细胞活力和非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量。结果表明:防寒布+反光膜处理和培土处理抽条率为0,水果保鲜剂、高脂膜、石蜡乳化剂处理抽条率介于30%~60%之间,涂白、防寒布处理及对照的抽条率为100%。石蜡乳化剂、防寒布+反光膜处理和培土处理的凌晨水势显著高于水果保鲜剂处理和高脂膜处理(P<0.05),两组差值为0.5 MPa左右。培土处理的枝条导水损失率(PLC)较水果保鲜剂处理和高脂膜处理显著降低,分别降低10.95%和11.24%(P<0.05);韧皮部细胞活力显著高于其他处理,增幅为13.53%~34.87%(P<0.05)。培土处理的韧皮部可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量和NSC含量显著高于其他处理,分别提高13.79%~28.80%、9.15%~39.65%和14.87%~29.61%(P<0.05),培土处理的木质部可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量和NSC含量显著高于其他处理,分别提高20.59%~35.27%、14.19%~37.90%和17.40%~37.00%(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,不同防抽条技术措施下的抽条率与枝条PLC呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),与枝条凌晨水势、木质部相对含水量、韧皮部细胞活力、木质部淀粉含量、木质部NSC含量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。可见,防寒布+反光膜处理和培土处理对柿树冬春季抽条有较好的防护效果,能维持枝条水分状况和韧皮部细胞活力,并促进NSC向枝条运输。This study selected early maturing persimmon saplings planted for one year as the research object.The measures for preventing shoots shriveling were set up with seven treatments:wrapping cold resistant cloth+reflective film on the trunk,planting soil on the trunk,applying limewater on the trunk,wrapping cold resistant cloth on the trunk,spraying fruit preservation agent on the branches,spraying high-lipid film on the branches,and spraying paraffin emulsifier on the branches.The shoots shriveling rates,water status,cell viability,and the content of non-structural carbohydrates(NSC)of annual branches of different treatments were recorded.Results showed that the shoots shriveling rates of wrapping cold resistant cloth+reflective film on the trunk and planting soil on the trunk treatments was 0 while treatments of spraying fruit preservation agent,spraying high-lipid film,and spraying paraffin emulsifier were between 30%and 60%,and the treatments of applying limewater,wrapping cold resistant cloth,and control were 100%.The predawn water potential of paraffin emulsifier,cold resistant cloth+reflective film,and planting soil treatments was significantly higher than that of fruit preservation agent and high-lipid film treatments(P<0.05),with a difference of about 0.5 MPa between the two groups.The branch percentage loss of conductivity(PLC)treated with planting soil was significantly reduced compared to fruit preservation agent and high-lipid film(P<0.05),with a decrease of 10.95%and 11.24%,respectively.The phloem cell viability of planting soil treatment was significantly increased compared to other treatments,with an increase of 13.53%to 34.87%(P<0.05).The soluble sugar content,starch content,and NSC content in the phloem treated with planting soil treatment were significantly increased compared to other treatments(P<0.05),with increases of 13.79%~28.80%,9.15%~39.65%,and 14.87%~29.61%,respectively.The soluble sugar content,starch content,and NSC content in the xylem treated with planting soil treatment were significan

关 键 词：柿树 防抽条措施 抽条率 水分状况 细胞活力 非结构性碳水化合物含量 

分 类 号：S665.2[农业科学—果树学]