基于HYDRUS模型的葵花田土壤水药运移模拟研究  

Simulation of soil water and herbicide migration in sunflower fields based on HYDRUS model

作　　者：马宇静 周青云 张宝忠[3] MA Yujing;ZHOU Qingyun;ZHANG Baozhong(College of Water Conservancy Engineering,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China;Tianjin Agricultural University-China Agricultural University Smart Water Conservancy Research Center,Tianjin 300392,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水利工程学院,天津300392 [2]天津农学院-中国农业大学智慧水利研究中心,天津300392 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第4期79-88,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0409203);“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(2022EEDSKJXM004-3)。

摘　　要：为掌握不同施用量的除草剂在土壤中的残留情况,通过开展田间试验,结合HYDRUS模型对河套灌区葵花田土壤含水率、草甘膦和高效氟吡甲禾灵的运移过程进行模拟,探究不同施用量的草甘膦和高效氟吡甲禾灵在土壤中的运移规律。结果表明:不同施用量处理的草甘膦和高效氟吡甲禾灵主要分布在0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层,0~5 cm土层的残留量较多;施药后7 d, 0~5 cm土层草甘膦和高效氟吡甲禾灵的残留量分别减少71.0%~75.8%和94.7%~94.9%,5~10 cm土层草甘膦和高效氟吡甲禾灵的残留量分别减少48.0%~50.0%和86.2%~89.9%;施药后21 d,土壤和地下水中均未检测到草甘膦和高效氟吡甲禾灵。由HYDRUS模型模拟结果可知,土壤含水率、草甘膦和高效氟吡甲禾灵残留量的模拟值与田间实测值吻合度较高,该模型能够用于模拟葵花田土壤水分分布特征和除草剂的运移规律。In order to examine the residues of herbicides at different dosages in the soil,field trials were carried out.Using the HYDRUS model,the transport process of soil water content,glyphosate and Haloxyfop-R-methyI(HPME)in sunflower fields in Hetao irrigation area were simulated,and the transport law of glyphosate and HPME at different dosages in soil was explored.The results showed that the residues of glyphosate and HPME were mainly distributed in the 0~5 cm and 5~10 cm soil layers,and residue of the 0~5 cm soil layer was relatively large.The residues of glyphosate and HPME in the 0~5 cm soil layer 7 days after the herbicide were reduced 71.0%~75.8%and 94.7%~94.9%.The residues of glyphosate and HPME in 5~10 cm soil layer 7 days after the herbicide were reduced by 48.0%~50.0%and 86.2%~89.9%.No glyphosate residues and HPME residues were detected in soil and groundwater 21 days after the herbicide.Based on the simulation results of the HYDRYS model,the simulated values of soil water content,glyphosate and HPME residues were in good consistency with the field measurements,HYDRUS model simulated well the soil water content distribution characteristics and herbicide transport law in sunflower fields.

关 键 词：土壤含水率 草甘膦 高效氟吡甲禾灵 土壤残留 HYDRUS模型 数值模拟 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S482.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]