化肥有机肥配施对黑土团聚体稳定性及其富里酸结构的影响  

Effects of combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers on the stability and fulvic acid structure of black soil aggregates

作　　者：张敏 韩晓增[1] 陆欣春[1] 陈旭[1] 严君[1] 冯浩亮 邹文秀[1] ZHANG Min;HAN Xiaozeng;LU Xinchun;CHEN Xu;YAN Jun;FENG Haoliang;ZOU Wenxiu(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150081,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第4期107-116,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500100);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA28070100);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-04)。

摘　　要：为探讨化肥有机肥配施对黑土团聚体稳定性及其富里酸结构的影响,依托中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站2001年设置的长期定位试验,分析不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥+15000 kg·hm-2有机肥(NPKM1)及化肥+22500 kg·hm-2有机肥(NPKM2)处理对土壤团聚体稳定性、团聚体富里酸结构及光学特性的影响。结果表明:(1)化肥有机肥配施显著提高了0~40 cm土层>0.25 mm团聚体分布比例,增强了土壤团聚体稳定性;与CK相比,NPKM1和NPKM2处理的0~20 cm土层>0.25 mm团聚体分布比例分别增加6.2%~26.3%和8.4%~50.2%。(2)土壤各粒径团聚体富里酸包含类富里酸、类胡敏酸和类蛋白质共3种荧光组分,化肥有机肥配施提高了类富里酸、类胡敏酸组分荧光强度及百分比和类蛋白质组分荧光强度,降低了类蛋白质组分荧光强度百分比;与CK相比,NPKM1和NPKM2处理>0.25 mm团聚体富里酸的类富里酸和类胡敏酸组分荧光强度分别提高7.0%~30.5%和12.8%~45.4%。同时土壤各粒径团聚体富里酸均受自生源和外生源共同作用的影响(FI(荧光指数)>1.4,0.8<BIX(自生源系数)<1.0),呈现强腐殖化和新近自生源特征(3.0<HIX(腐殖化指数)<6.0)。(3)土壤各粒径团聚体富里酸的SUVA 254、SUVA 280和E 4/E 6值随有机肥施用量增加而增加,芳香性增强,分子结构变简单。相关性分析表明,土壤团聚体富里酸荧光组分、芳香性(SUVA 254)、腐殖化程度(HIX、E 4/E 6)是影响团聚体稳定性的重要因素。因此,化肥有机肥配施通过增加团聚体富里酸荧光组分强度,提高团聚体芳香性和腐殖化程度,进而提高土壤团聚体稳定性。To investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure on the distribution and fulvic acid structure of soil aggregates,a long-term positioning experiment was established in Hailun Agroecosystem Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Science in 2001,including four treatments of no fertilizer(CK),single chemical fertilizer(NPK),chemical fertilizer+15000 kg·hm-2 organic manure(NPKM1),and chemical fertilizer+22500 kg·hm-2 organic manure(NPKM2).The results showed that:(1)The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers significantly increased the proportion of>0.25 mm soil aggregates in the 0~40 cm soil layer,thereby enhancing the stability of soil aggregates.Compared with the CK treatment,the proportions of>0.25 mm aggregates in the 0~20 cm soil layer increased by 6.2%~26.3%,and 8.4%~50.2%under the NPKM1,and NPKM2 treatments,respectively.(2)The fulvic acid in soil aggregates of various particle sizes contains three fluorescent components:fulvic acid-like,humic acid-like,and protein-like substances.The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers increased the fluorescence intensity and percentage of fulvic acid-like,humic acid-like components and the fluorescence intensity of the protein-like component in the soil aggregates,while reducing the percentage of protein-like component fluorescence intensity.Compared with the CK,the fluorescence intensities of fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like components in the>0.25 mm aggregates increased by 7.0%~30.5%,and 12.8%~45.4%under the NPKM1,and NPKM2,respectively.Additionally,the fulvic acid in soil aggregates of various particle sizes was influenced by both autochthonous and allochthonous sources(with a fluorescence index(FI)>1.4,and a biological index(BIX)between 0.8 and 1.0),showing strong humification and recent autochthonous characteristics(with a humification index(HIX)between 3.0 and 6.0).(3)The values of SUVA 254,SUVA 280,and E 4/E 6 of fulvic acid in each soil aggregate size showed an increasing trend as the increase

关 键 词：化肥有机肥配施 黑土 团聚体稳定性 三维荧光光谱 富里酸 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学] S147.34[农业科学—农业基础科学]