轮作及减氮对绿洲灌区农田温室气体排放及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of rotation and nitrogen reduction on greenhouse gas emissions and soil enzyme activities in oasis irrigation areas

作　　者：李波 赵财[1] 殷民兴 王岩 白春生 曹悦 杨莉莉 LI Bo;ZHAO Cai;YIN Minxing;WANG Yan;BAI Chunsheng;CAO Yue;YANG Lili(State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第4期210-220,共11页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900202);甘肃省种业公关和农业科技支撑项目(KJZC-2023-21)。

摘　　要：基于2018年在武威绿洲农业试验站布设的田间定位试验,设春小麦-冬油菜-箭筈豌豆(WRV)、春小麦-冬小麦-箭筈豌豆(WWV)、春小麦-箭筈豌豆-春小麦-箭筈豌豆(WV)、春小麦连作(W)4种种植模式,减氮25%(270 kg·hm^(-2),N 1)、传统施氮(360 kg·hm^(-2),N 2)两个施氮水平,共8个处理,于2020—2021年测定并分析不同轮作模式结合减氮对农田CO 2、N 2O排放的影响及其与春小麦产量和土壤酶活性的关系,以期为当地农业绿色高效发展提供理论依据。结果表明:轮作结合减氮处理可显著降低温室气体排放,增加作物产量,以WRVN 1处理增产减排效果最佳,其CO 2、N 2O排放总量分别较WN 2处理降低了15.2%、28.0%,全球增温潜势(GWP)、温室气体排放强度(GHGI)分别降低15.7%和30.4%,作物产量增加16.7%。土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均表现为0~10 cm高于10~30 cm土层,轮作降低了小麦开花期土壤酶活性,以WRVN 1处理土壤酶活性最低;在N 1处理下土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性较N 2处理分别降低20.1%~28.7%、8.3%~12.2%,且CO 2、N 2O排放速率与土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性均呈显著正相关关系。综上,春小麦-冬油菜-箭筈豌豆轮作模式结合减氮25%可作为实现绿洲灌区农业增效减排的合理种植模式与施氮制度。Based on the field positioning test in Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station in 2018,four cropping patterns of spring wheat-winter rapeseed-common vetch(WRV),spring wheat-winter wheat-common vetch(WWV),spring wheat-common vetch-spring wheat-common vetch(WV)and spring wheat continuous cropping(W)and two nitrogen application levels,nitrogen reduction by 25%(270 kg·hm^(-2),N 1)and traditional nitrogen application(360 kg·hm^(-2),N 2),were established.The results from a total of 8 treatments were measured and analyzed in 2020-2021.The effects of different rotation modes combined with nitrogen reduction on CO 2 and N 2O emissions from farmland and their relationship with spring wheat yield and soil enzyme activity were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the green and efficient development of local agriculture.The results showed that rotation combined with nitrogen reduction treatment significantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions and increased crop yield.The WRVN 1 treatment had the best effect on increasing yield and reducing emissions.Compared with WN 2 treatment,the total emissions of CO 2 and N 2O decreased by 15.2%and 28.0%,respectively,Global warming potential(GWP)and greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI)decreased by 15.7%and 30.4%,respectively,and crop yield increased by 16.7%.The activities of soil urease and catalase in 0~10 cm soil layer were higher than those in 10~30 cm soil layer.Rotation reduced the activity of soil enzymes in wheat flowering stage,and the soil enzyme activity of WRVN 1 treatment was the lowest.The activities of soil urease and catalase under N 1 treatment were 20.1%~28.7%and 8.3%~12.2%lower than those under N 2 treatment,respectively,and the emission rates of CO 2 and N 2O were significantly positively correlated with the activities of soil urease and soil catalase.In summary,the rotation mode of spring wheat-winter rapeseed-common vetch combined with 25%nitrogen reduction can be used as a reasonable planting mode and nitrogen application system to achieve agricultural effici

关 键 词：轮作 减施氮肥 冬季覆盖作物 绿肥 温室气体 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S365[农业科学—农艺学] S152.8