日本现代住宅应变边界对我国乡村住宅的启示——低碳视角下内外边界可变性的研究  

Insights from Adaptive Boundaries in Contemporary Japanese Housing for Rural Residences in China:Study on Variability of Internal and External Boundaries Under Low-carbon Perspectives

作　　者：陈晔 左碧莹 CHEN Ye;ZUO Biying

机构地区：[1]名古屋工业大学大学院工学研究科 [2]武汉科技大学城市建设学院

出　　处：《小城镇建设》2024年第8期23-30,共8页DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL CITIES & TOWNS

基　　金：NITech Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Excellent Women Researchers(2023)“気候風土に適応する柔軟な建築内外境域の設計手法に関する研究”(适应气候风土的灵活的建筑内外边界设计手法研究);教育部产学合作协同育人项目“人居环境设计专创融合数字化创新平台建设”(编号:220504555304424)。

摘　　要：作为建筑内外空间能量交换的媒介,内外边界是住宅低碳设计的重要内容。鉴于外部自然环境和内部居住需求并非一成不变,能够随之做出灵活回应的内外边界在住宅节能减排上将具有更多的潜力。本研究中,这种能够显著调节性质、形态或位置来回应各种变化的边界被定义为应变边界。日本现代住宅为探索现代技术背景下的应变边界提供了样本,而我国乡村住宅与日本的一户建(独栋住宅)在规模和建造环境上相近,这些样本中应变边界的低碳策略的研究对我国乡村住宅设计具有参考价值。本研究通过探讨“建具化”的日常可调边界、空间热舒适分区的季节性边界、利用材料可逆性的可再建边界3类应变边界在应对的变化因素、调节的时间跨度、调节带来的居住空间变化、低碳策略等方面的特征,总结了其对我国乡村住宅低碳设计的启示:1)引入和利用外部自然风能热能等能量,打破以阻隔内外能量交换为主的思维定势;2)不局限于绝对的数值标准,通过边界调节居住空间体验,提升居住者生理和心理舒适度;3)结合季节气候特征对居住空间进行热舒适需求细分,并采取不同的围护结构做法;4)考虑未来潜在的居住空间需求变小的应对策略;5)挖掘材料和构造方式潜在的可逆性。As the media for the exchange of energy between indoor and outdoor spaces,internal and external boundaries are crucial elements in low-carbon residential design.Given that external natural conditions and internal living requirements are not static,boundaries that can adapt flexibly to these changes have greater potential for enhancing energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions in housing.In this study,boundaries capable of significantly adjusting their properties,forms,or positions to respond to various changes are defined as adaptive boundaries.Modern Japanese housing provides exemplars for exploring adaptive boundaries within the context of modern technology.Notably,rural residences in China share similarities with Japanese single-family houses in terms of scale and construction environment.Therefore,the study of low-carbon strategies employed in adaptive boundaries in these Japanese samples offers valuable insights for the design of rural residences in China.This paper delves into three types of adaptive boundaries:'Tategu-like'daily adjustable boundaries,seasonal boundaries for thermal comfort zoning,and reversible boundaries leveraging material reversibility.The discussion revolves around their characteristics in terms of responding to changing factors,the time spans of adjustment,the resulting changes in living space,and the underlying low-carbon strategies.The key insights for low-carbon design of rural residences in China are summarized as follows:1)Introducing and harness external natural energy sources such as wind and thermal energy,transcending the conventional mindset of primarily blocking internal and external energy exchange.2)Shifting away from absolute numerical standards,focusing instead on enhancing the physiological and psychological comfort of residents by adjusting boundaries to optimize living space experiences.3)Considering the thermal comfort needs of different living spaces and adopt tailored enclosure structure approaches that align with seasonal climate characteristics.4)Devising

关 键 词：应变边界 低碳策略 乡村住宅 围护结构 日本现代住宅 

分 类 号：TU241.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]